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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Critical Thinking
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The careful, deliberate determination of whether we should accept, reject, or suspend judgement about a claim- and the degree of confidence with which we should accept it or reject it
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Reasons are crucial to rational arguments because they...
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back up/support their claims
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What is dangerous about being emotionally involved in an issue?
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We may fail to consider potential good reasons for other positions.
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What is enculturation?
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The influences in our lives that help shape our values & preferences.
Ex: family, culture, education, media, region, & government |
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What is a claim?
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A statement that is either true or false
Ex: It is 5 pm |
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TRUE OR FALSE:
A claim must have truth value.. |
True
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Claims cannot be categorized as questions, commands, or exclamations. Explain why not.
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They have no truth (or false) value.
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What is an argument?
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An attempt to support a claim representing a certain position on an issue by providing other claims that serve as a reason or reasons for believing it.
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An argument is a set of claims that involves the relation of claims to one another.... the relations between the claims are that...
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premises support the conclusion & conclusion follows the premises
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"Arguments are attempts to persuade" is not true because...
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they are attempts to establish or prove a claim.. not just "win"
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What are the two main descriptions that classify deductive arguments?
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Valid & invalid
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A deductive argument has to be true if...
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the premises are true, then the conclusion is true...
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Inductive arguments can be either _____ or _______
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weak or strong
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What is the main difference between inductive reasoning & deductive reasoning?
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Deductive arguments prove/demonstrate the conclusion, inductive arguments support the claim
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Therefore, thus, hence, so, & consequently are examples of...
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Conclusion indicators
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Since, for, because, & given are examples of..
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Premise indicators
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A term that expresses an evaluation of something...
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value judgement
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Value judgments that assign moral or ethical values to objects/actions are called...
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Moral value judgements
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TRUE or FALSE:
A premise can be left unstated.. |
True
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TRUE or FALSE:
A conclusion can be left unstated.. |
True
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What is a sound argument?
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One that is valid (in structure) & whose premies are true
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Are all valid arguments sound?
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No
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Are all sound arguments valid?
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No
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