Criminology

Front 1

General Theory of crime

Back 1

Self-control

Front 2

Crime

Back 2

-An act that violates a criminal code enacted by an officially constituted political authority.

Front 3

Deviance

Back 3

- Behaviors or characteristics that violate important group norms and are reacted to with social disapproval.

Front 4

4 types of Deviance

Back 4

1. Statistical - The departure from what is considered to be the average (majority norm)
2. Normative - Emphasizes the lack of conformity of social norms
3. Absolute - always being deviant
4. Reactivist - Produces negative reactions from society

Front 5

Early Explanation for Crime and Deviance

Back 5

• Spiritual
  
• Natural
  

• Led to the classical school of thories
  

Front 6

Classic Theories for Crime and Deviance

Back 6

• Rationality - We carefully plan our actions.
  
• Free Choice - We have the ability to make our own decisions.
• Cost Benefit - People weigh Pros and Cons

Front 7

Beccaria

Back 7

• Protest Writer
  
• He saw Harsh Penalties to be irrational and inconsistent.
• Promoted Rational based ideas

Front 8

Principals of Beccaria

Back 8

• Specify Crime & Punishment - Helps drive people away from crime.
• Judge only determines guilt - Derived from inconsistency of harsh punishments.
• Seriousness - Based on the amount of harm to society
• Punishment Proportional to Seriousness - Punishment has to fit crimes.
• Unjust & Severity needed to deter crime - The Goal of punishment is to prevent future crime.
• Excessive Punishment = Rise in Crime
• Prompt - Punishment should be quick so people understand what they did was wrong.
• Certain - There should be no doubt that there will be a punishment and that you will get caught.
• Crime Prevention - Crime should only be imposed to prevent crime

Front 9

Lombrosso (Founder of Criminological Theory)

Back 9

• Evolutionary Theory of crime
• Argued that 1/3 people were Born criminals
• Argued that some people were Criminaloids (Impulsive Opportunists)

Front 10

Deterrance

Back 10

- Focused mostly on the punishment side. Making the punishment process swift and severe

Front 11

Initial and Residual Deterrance

Back 11

• Initial - Initially you find a drop in crime
• Residual - When the detering effect fades away, but a small detering effect is still left behind.

Front 12

Perceptual Deterence

Back 12

• Certainty - The certainty of a punishment is much more of a factor for crime then severity
• Extra-Legal - Social consequences you have to face that prevent you from committing crime. E.g. ( A family being disappointed , not being able to get hired for a job.)