Criminology

Front 1

Which of the following would not be a focus of social control theorists?

Back 1

-techniques and strategies regulating human behavior
-quality of relationships
-attachments

Front 2

Which of the following is not an example of a study from a Macrosociological perspective?

Back 2

-legal system, laws, particular law enforcement
-powerful groups in society
-social and economic directives of governmental or private groups

Front 3

Hirschi posited four social bonds that promote socialization and conformity. Which of the following is not one of those bonds?

Back 3

The bonds are:
-attachment
-commitment
-involvement
-belief

Front 4

The preoccupation with activities that promote the interests of society would be an example of which type Hirschi’s bonds?

Back 4

involvement

Front 5

According to Matza, when a bond between a person and the law is not in place a youth may enter a state of ___, where he or she exists in limbo between convention and crime.

Back 5

drift

Front 6

Which approach, according to Toby, can explain why one neighborhood has a much higher crime rate than another, but not why one particular individual becomes a hoodlum and another does not?

Back 6

The social disorganization approach

Front 7

______theory assumes that for every individual there exists a containing external structure and a protective internal structure, both of which provide defense, protection, or insulation against delinquency.

Back 7

Containment

Front 8

Due process means that

Back 8

According to the 14th amendment of the us consitution, a fundamental mandate that a person should not be deprived of life,
liberty, or property without reasonable and lawful procedures

Front 9

Labeling theorists are interested in all but which of the following?

Back 9

Focuses on the crime, the criminal, and ways in which social interactions creates deviance
And the reactions of people and the effects of those reactions

Front 10

In the 1940s, which of the following theorists formulated the basic assumptions of labeling theory?

Back 10

Edwin Lemert

Front 11

Edwin Lemert contended that there are two types of deviant acts. They are

Back 11

Primary and Secondary

Front 12

Which theoretical perspective claims that a struggle for power is a basic feature of human existence?

Back 12

conflict theory

Front 13

The ____ model of lawmaking assumes that members of society by and large agree on what is right and wrong, and that law is the codification of these agreed-upon social values.

Back 13

consensus

Front 14

Conflict theorists argue that

Back 14

a. law exists for the collective good. That they represent interests of specific groups that have the power to get them enacted

b. the key concept of the conflict theory is power

c. the people who have political control in any given society are the ones who are able to make things happen

Front 15

The peacemaking perspective is part of an intellectual and social movement toward

Back 15

Restorative justice

Front 16

The rational choice perspective assumes that

Back 16

People make decisions with the goal of maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain

Front 17

From the rational-choice perspective, characteristics fall into two distinct categories

Back 17

Those of the offender and those of the defense

Front 18

The routine-activity approach does not explore

Back 18

The factors that influence the offenders decision to commit a crime

Front 19

The term “victimology” was coined in 1947 by

Back 19

The Romanian lawyer Beniamin Mendelsohn

Front 20

The term “victim precipitation” was coined by

Back 20

Marvin Wolfgang

Front 21

In their analysis of repeat victimization, researchers concluded that the _____ theory of offender decision making is useful in understanding repeat victimization.

Back 21

rational-choice

Front 22

theory provides the foundation for designing situational-crime-prevention techniques and their classification.

Back 22

rational-choice

Front 23

is the commission of a quantitatively similar crime at a different time or place

Back 23

displacement

Front 24

Rational-choice theory, unlike traditional theories, is not concerned with strategies of

Back 24

overall crime prevention

Front 25

Until recently, spousal abuse was perceived as a problem more of _________ than of criminal justice.

Back 25

social service

Front 26

was defined as the intentional killing of another person with malice aforethought.

Back 26

murder

Front 27

. _____________ is a killing committed intentionally but without malice.

Back 27

voluntary manslaughter

Front 28

A crime is designated _____________ when a person has caused the death of another unintentionally but recklessly by consciously disregarding a substantial and unjustifiable risk that endangered another person’s life.

Back 28

involuntary manslaughter

Front 29

Murder rates are higher in ___________ and ___________ states.

Back 29

western and southern

Front 30

A study by Felson and Messner found that victim precipitation is more often seen in cases where

Back 30

women killed their husbands