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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was Cavour's foreign policy like? |
Not a nationalist, but anti-Austrian because he felt Austria's treatment of Lombardy encouraged rebels; understood that Italy needed foreign help to dominate Northern Italy at Austria's expense; D'Azeglio's middle way had encouraged neither Mazzinians nor Piedmontese isolationists |
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What were the signs of Austria's terminal decline? |
Fall of Metternich (13 March 1848) and the financial crisis which followed it |
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What events showed the continued strength of Austria in Italy? |
Victories in Battle of Custoza (July 1848) and Novara ( March 1849) and fall of Venetian republic in August 1849; allocution showed pope thought Austria to strong to challenge |
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Why did Austria decline relative to Prussia? |
Development from 1819 of Prussian dominated free trade system, the Zollverein gave economic advantage to north German states and lead to Prussia challenging Austria fro control of German confederation |
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What did Austria attempt to do in 1849 and 1852? |
Create a southern equivalent of the Zollverein to challenge Prussia; this failed |
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What happened up to 1853? |
Treaty of Omutz in October 1850 put political pressure on Prussia to dissolve the Prussian league; Prussia complied but grew consolidated its economic leadership of the Germanic world to isolate and weaken Austria until by 1853 all non-Austrian-dominated German states were in the Zollverein |
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What happened in 1854? |
Crimean war: Britain and France fought a war against Russia, and though Austria remained neutral it signed the four points agreement with Britain and France in August 1854 to try and force Russia to the negotiating table, increasing enmity between the two countries |
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How did Cavour respond? |
He was reluctant to go to war because he -along with many in Piedmont- perceived the real enemy to be the Austria; but under pressure from Britain, France and Victor Emmanuel II he dispatched 15000 troops to fight on the allied side in January 1855 |
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What did Piedmont do in the war and how did it end? |
Victory battle on 16th August gaining respect and gratitude of allies; Austria threatened to enter war in December 1855 and Russia sued for peace |
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What happened at the conference of Paris and when was it? |
February-April 1856; neither Britain nor France alienated Austria by addressing Piedmontese request for change in northern Italy but Cavour's attendance showed Piedmont's growing diplomatic stature, Italian question began to be considered a political issue including Austrian domination of Northern Italy, and Britain/France were grateful to Piedmont for its support which would help if Piedmony challened Austria militarily |
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What were the effects of the Crimean war? |
Diplomatic turning point; end of Treaty of Vienna and watershed in Austrian power; Austria isolated diplomatically (lost great ally Russia and forced to ally unreliable Prussia); neither France nor Britain would continue to be sympathetic to maintaining Austria in northern Italy or its dominance over the whole peninsula |
