The Crimean War

Front 1

When was the Crimean war?

Back 1

1854-1856

Front 2

What were the three main battles of the Crimean War?

Back 2

Alma, Inkerman and Balaklava

Front 3

Who was Prime Minister during the Crimean War?

Back 3

Lord Aberdeen

Front 4

Who was in charge of France?

Back 4

Napolean III

Front 5

Who was the Tsar in Russia?

Back 5

Tsar Nicholas I

Front 6

What was the main reason for war?

Back 6

To reacquire the Crimea from Russia

Front 7

Why was it important to acquire the Crimea?

Back 7

Russia had a good position on the Black sea, especially the port on Sevastopol. This threatened British trade routes. Ottoman Empire was weak, espescially Turkey. If Turkey was taken over, Russia would get the waterway to the med.

Front 8

Who joined Turkey to fight Russia?

Back 8

Britain and France

Front 9

Who was Commander in chief during the Crimean war?

Back 9

Lord Raglan

Front 10

Who was Staff Officer?

Back 10

Captain Nolan

Front 11

Who was Commander of Cavalry?

Back 11

Lucan

Front 12

Who was Captian of the Light Brigade?

Back 12

Lord Cardigan

Front 13

What is a major example of incompetent leadership in the war?

Back 13

The Charge of the Light Brigade

Front 14

In which battle did this take place?

Back 14

Battle of Balaklava (oct 1854)

Front 15

Who was the most significant reporter during the war?

Back 15

Willy H.Russell

Front 16

Who was the most significant poet during the war?

Back 16

Tennyson - 'The Charge of the light Brigade'

Front 17

Who was the most significant photgrapher during the war?

Back 17

Roger Fenton

Front 18

Who were the two nurses of the war?

Back 18

Mary Seacole and Florence Nightingale

Front 19

What was so significant about Mary Seacole?

Back 19

She was from a working class family. She was refused to work as an army nurse in the Crimea, so she funded her own trip to the Crimea. This was sigificant as it meant that working class women were able to become nurses. She even visited the battlefield to treat the wounded. This was also a first for nursing.

Front 20

Which hospital did Nightingale work in in Turkey?

Back 20

Scutari

Front 21

What improvements did Nightingale make?

Back 21

Conitions were improved in hospitals and mortality rates were reduced. She also established the Nightingale Training School for nurses.

Front 22

What was the name of the Government department responsible for army supplies?

Back 22

The Commissariat

Front 23

When was the downfall of the Commissariat?

Back 23

Winter 1854-55

Front 24

For what reasons did this cause their downfall?

Back 24

- allies thought Sevastopol would fall quickly because the Russians had less guns. They consequently didn't have enough supplies.
-Road from Balaklava to Sevastopol was inadequate
-lack of supplies for both men and horses
Horses didn't have enough fodder so died of starvation
-14th Nov=hurricane - tents, barracks and hospital tents blew away and destroyed, trenches flooded.
-worst losses at sea = port of Balaklava overcrowded and waiting to unload when hurricane hit.
- 'Prince' (ship) carrying all supplies for the winter was destroyed. Would take months for the amount of supplies to be made and shipped again.
- horses had no food and were over worked. Men had to ration food and every 2 days, they had 1 day without any food. Supply road was increasingly worse, failed to repair it.

Front 25

What did Officers etc do to help?

Back 25

Nothing. Raglan rarely visited the troops and was uninterested in their welfare. Raglan cut off comfortable quarters and failed to devise any policies to help situation. Fellow officers looked on army leadership in disgust.
- Officers did not suffer though - did serve in trenches but returned to heated tents or buildings, had hot food and regularly changed clothes (had money to buy food/supplies).

Front 26

What were the disadvantages of the sale of commissions?

Back 26

- some don't have experience
- they're old so they have old ideas about fighting e.g. the charge of the light brigade.

Front 27

What caused more men to die other than injuries?

Back 27

Disease. Particularly Typhus and Cholera.

Front 28

When did Aberdeen resign and who replaced him?

Back 28

1855. Replaced by Pamlerston.

Front 29

What were the consequences of the war?

Back 29

Cardwell reforms, improvement in nursing, Nightingale used knowledge in Britain.

Front 30

What were the Cardwell reforms?

Back 30

Were formed by Edward Cardwell, Secretary of State for war, in response to the problems of the army during Crimean war.
1. 1868 - flogging was abolished during peacetime. Completley abolished in 1880.
2. 1869 - Troops withdrawn from self-governing colonies
3. 1871 - 26,000 men returned to Britain.
4. 1870 - Army Enlistment Act = reduced the time a man was enlisted (encouraged more recruits). 12years service, didn't have veterans, plenty of well trained reserves.
5. 1871 - Regularisation of the Army Act = set up 66 brigade districts based on country bound armies. Encouraged more recruits. Made sure every regiment had 2 battalions, one at sea and one for training. Men felt more familiar with the men they were fighting with.
6. 1871 - Sales of Commissions abolished, Branding abolished, war office reformed - administration of the army, everything was under war office.
Commander in Chief directly controlled by Secretary of War.