Cpm Study Cards: Female Anatomy

Front 1

Interpubic ligaments

Back 1

ligaments between the two pubic bones

Front 2

justo-minor pelvis

Back 2

pelvic contracted in all dimensions to that diameters measure 1.25 cm less on average

labor and birth can be normal if fetal size is proportionate to pelvic.

large fetus could cause CPD

Front 3

sacroilliac joints

Back 3

strong, weight-bearing joints that join sacrum to the illium and connect the spine and pelvis

Front 4

greater sciatic notch

Back 4

one of two curves on the lower border of inominate bones; extends from posterior inferior iliac spines to ischial spine; wide and rounded

Front 5

acetabulum

Back 5

deep curve in inominate bone which receives the femur; composed of 3 fused bones: 2/5 illium, 2/5 ischium, 1/5 pubis

Front 6

obturature foramen

Back 6

space enclosed by body of pubic bone, the rami, and the ischium

Front 7

pubis

Back 7

anterior part of the inominate bones.
2 oar-like projections called superior and inferior ramus.
2 pubic bones meet at symphysis pubis.
2 inferior rami meet to form pubic arch.

Front 8

ischium

Back 8

thick lower part of the inominate bone.
has large prominence that the body rests on when sitting- ischial tuberosity
also contains the ischial spines

Front 9

pelvic girdle

Back 9

contains and protects the bladder, rectum, and internal reproductive organs

Front 10

sacroilliac joints

Back 10

ligaments connecting the sacrum and illium

Front 11

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Back 11

ligaments passing between the sacrum and ischium

Front 12

sacro-coccygeal ligaments

Back 12

ligaments uniting the sacrum and the coccyx

Front 13

bones of the pelvic girdle

Back 13

2 innominate bones (laterally & anteriorally)
sacrum (posteriorly)
coccyx (posteriorly)

Front 14

saccrococygeal joint

Back 14

formed where the base of the coccyx articulates with the tip of the sacrum

Front 15

pelvic ligaments

Back 15

ligaments holding pelvic joints together
designed to not allow movement except during pregnancy when relaxin allows for slight movement

Front 16

illium

Back 16

large flared out part of the innominate bone.

illiac crest is the upper border

Front 17

ischiocavernosus muscle

Back 17

runs from ischial tuberosity to the region of the clitoris

Front 18

iliococcygeus muscle

Back 18

pair of muscles: posterior part of the levitor ani

Front 19

pubococcugeus muscles

Back 19

pair of muscles belonging to the levitor ani

stretches from pubic bone to coccyx, supporting pelvic muscles

controls urine flow, contracts in orgasm, and aides childbirth

Front 20

ischiococcygeal muscles

Back 20

pair or muscles in the levitor ani

originates from ischial spine and inserts into lower sacrum & upper coccyx

Front 21

vagina

Back 21

tube-like structure leading from vulva to uterus

functions: sex, passing menstrual flow, lubrication, passage of fetus during birth

Front 22

perineum

Back 22

area extending from the fourchette to the anus

Front 23

vestibular glands

Back 23

aka: barthalin's glands

located on each side of introitus; secrete mucous to lubricate vagina

Front 24

hymen

Back 24

partially closes the introitus before it is torn

Front 25

introitus

Back 25

vaginal orifice

Front 26

frenulum

Back 26

where the labia minora meets superiorly

Front 27

paraurethral ducts

Back 27

aka: skene's ducts

located on both sides of the urethra; delivers mucous from the skene's glands to the vestibule

Front 28

urethra

Back 28

small opening from which urine is expelled

Front 29

vestibule

Back 29

area inside the labia minora containing the urethra and introitus

Front 30

fourchette

Back 30

anterior edge of the perineum

Front 31

labia minora

Back 31

2 smaller folds of mucosa which extend upwards to the prepuce of the clitoris and downwards to the fourchette

Front 32

female prepuce

Back 32

clitoral hood

Front 33

clitoris

Back 33

highly vascular and sensitive organ

responsible for the female orgasm

located between prepuce and frenulum

Front 34

labia majora

Back 34

2 folds of skin; beginning at symphysis pubis and joining at the perineum.

outer surface is covered with pubic hair; inner surface contains sweat and sebacous glands

Front 35

mons veneris

Back 35

aka: mons pubis

fatty cushion over the symphysis pubis

covered with skin and hair

Front 36

function of the pelvic girdle

Back 36

allow movement of the body, especially walking & running

distributes weight to ischial tuberosities while sitting

Front 37

symphysis pubis

Back 37

cartilaginous joint uniting the rami of the left and right pubic joints

Front 38

fornices

Back 38

4 areas surrounding the cervix: 1 anterior, 1 posterior, and 2 lateral

Front 39

cervix

Back 39

"neck of the womb"

lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins the top of the vagina

usually 2.5-3.0 cm long

an os sits on either end as openings

Front 40

normal vaginal secretions

Back 40

mucous from vestibular glands
mentrual blood
cervical mucous
lochia
transudate from blood vessels in vaginal walls

Front 41

how does the vagina expand to pass a fetus?

Back 41

vaginal walls lengthen and widen during intercourse and childbirth

3 layers of muscle allow for flexibility and expansion

Front 42

how does one maintain normal vaginal health?

Back 42

good nutrition
maintaining balanced bacterial content
no douching
healthy, safe sexual activity
exercise

Front 43

levitor ani

Back 43

deep, muscular layer of the pelvic floor

acts as a sling-like support for pelvic structure

consists of 3 muscle pairs: illiococcygeus, pubococcygeus, & ischiooccygeus

Front 44

pubococcygeus muscle

Back 44

perforated by 3 canals: urethra, vagina, and rectum

Front 45

bulbocavernous muscle

Back 45

surrounds and strengthens the vaginal orifice

Front 46

superficial transverse muscle

Back 46

stretches from the perineum to the ischial tuberosity

Front 47

external sphincter ani (muscle)

Back 47

guards the anal canal, supports the perineal floor.

often lacerated at birth

Front 48

anthropoid pelvis

Back 48

nearly oval at the inlet, like the gynecoid pelvis. but the long axis is oriented vertically rather than side to side.

more likely to experience persistant OP position of fetus. not uncommon. (25-50% of women depending on ethnicity.)

Front 49

sacrum

Back 49

wedge-shaped bone consisting of 5 fused vertebrae

anterior surface is concave; extends into a wing; pierced by 4 holes where nerves emerge to supply pelvic organs; posterior surface has attached muscles

Front 50

lesser sciatic notch

Back 50

one of the two curves on the lower border of the inominate bone

lies between ischial spine and ischial tuberosity

Front 51

sacral promontory

Back 51

upper border of first sacral vertebrae which juts forward

Front 52

innominate bones

Back 52

made of 3 bones fused together- illium, ischium, and pubis

a bone of the pelvic girdle

Front 53

gynecoid pelvis

Back 53

the most common female pelvis and the most ideal for childbearing

oval at the inlet with a wide subpubic arch and ischial spines are not prominent

Front 54

ishmus of the uterus

Back 54

narrow area between the cavity and the cervix

enlarges during pregnancy to form the lower uterine segment

Front 55

internal os

Back 55

os = "mouth"

narrow opening between the ishmus and the cervix

Front 56

external os

Back 56

small round opening at lower end of cervix

after childbirth becomes a transverse slit

Front 57

fundus

Back 57

domed upper wall between the insertions of the uterine tubes

Front 58

consequences of weak pelvic floor musculature

Back 58

pain during sex

incontinence

cervical or uterine prolapse

fistula

Front 59

ampulla

Back 59

part of the uterine/ fallopian tubes

wider middle part where fertilization usually takes place

Front 60

fimbria

Back 60

fingerlike fringes at the end of the infunibulum of the fallopian tub

Front 61

interstial portion

Back 61

part of the fallopian tube

1.25 cm long and lies withing the walls of the uterus

Front 62

ovulation

Back 62

process of ripening, developing, and expelling the ova

day 14 of the 28-day menstrual cycle

Front 63

germinal epithelium

Back 63

outer covering of the ovary

composed of simple cuboidal epithelials

Front 64

tunica albuginea

Back 64

second layer of the ovary

surrounded by collagenous connective tissue

Front 65

stroma

Back 65

a layer of the ovary

region of connective tissue forms the foundation of the ovary

composed of 2 layers- outer/ cortex and inner/ medulla

Front 66

graffian follicle

Back 66

made up of mature ovum and its surrounding tissue; secretes estrogen

Front 67

cornu

Back 67

uterus has 2 cornu ("horns") located on each side of the fundus

Front 68

broad ligaments

Back 68

two wing-like structures

each consists of a double fold of peritoneum enclosing various structures.

continuous with perimetrium

base is continuous with pelvic floor connective tissue and attaches to pelvix sidewalls

Front 69

suspensory ligament of the ovary

Back 69

aka: the "infundibular-pelvic ligament"

at thickest portion of broad ligament, sometimes called "cardinal ligament"

Front 70

round ligament

Back 70

arise at the cornu of the uterus in front and below the insertion of the tubes

lies between the folds of the broad ligament

pass through the inguinal canal and insert into the labia majora

Front 71

uterosacral ligament

Back 71

extends from posterior and upper portion of the cervix; encircles the rectum; inserts into sacrum

forms the lateral border of the "pouch of douglass"; by pulling the cervix backwards, ti helps to maintain flexion

Front 72

mammary glands

Back 72

milk producing glands of the female body

Front 73

rectouterine pouch

Back 73

pocket formed between the posterior wall of the uterus and anterior surface of the colon

Front 74

vesicouterine pouch

Back 74

pocket formed between the uterus and the posterior wall of the bladder

Front 75

uterine anteflexion

Back 75

normal position of the uterus

bends anteriorly near its base

covers the superior and posterior surfaces of the urinary bladder

Front 76

uterine retroflexion

Back 76

uterus bends backward toward the sacrum

20% of adult women have retroflexed uterus

no clinical significance for birth

Front 77

dymenorrhea

Back 77

painful menstruation

can result from uterine inflammation, myometrial ctx ("cramps"), or from conditions involving adjacent pelvic structures

Front 78

amenorrhea

Back 78

failure to menstruate by the age of 16- primary amenorrhea

if ovarian cycle is interrupted for more than 6 months in adult women- secondary amenorrhea

Front 79

fibrocystic disease

Back 79

clusters of cysts felt in the breast as discrete masses

symptoms similar to breast cancer

benign

Front 80

mammography

Back 80

using x-rays to examine breast tissues and identify cancerous tissue

Front 81

lumpectomy

Back 81

removal of only a portion of the mammary glands

Front 82

total masectomy

Back 82

removal of all mammary glands

Front 83

orgasm

Back 83

intensely pleasurable sexual sensation

temporary increase in heart rate and blood pressure