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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Constructivist |
We construct our own reality (REBT-structure) |
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Ethical Humanism |
Emphasizes human interests over deities. Religion leads to absolutes which = guilt/suffering (REBT - Function) |
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Responsible Hedonism |
Seek (long-term) pleasure, avoid pain (REBT - Function) |
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We have worth because we're alive. |
REBT |
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Innate tendency to think irrationally/hurt ourselves. |
REBT (Structure) |
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Desire to be cared for by others |
REBT (function) |
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Unconditional Self-acceptance |
REBT (function) |
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Influenced by significant others, suggestibility by others |
REBT (ROE) |
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Can relate to nearly everyone. Fulfills self in interpersonal relationships. |
REBT - Healthy functioning |
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Desire for others' approval. Caring too much what others think. |
REBT - Unhealthy functioning |
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A = Activating Event |
What you are disturbed about - unhealthy functioning (REBT) |
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B = Irrational Beliefs |
How you react to the "activating event" - unhealthy functioning (REBT) |
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Dogmatic Demands |
Must, ought, should (from an external source). REBT (irrational belief) |
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C = Consequences |
Feelings/behaviors. Result of the activating event. Anxiety, depression, shame, rage, guilt. REBT - unhealthy functioning |
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D = Dispute Beliefs |
Is the belief logical? Where is it getting you? REBT - Conditions necessary for change |
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E = Effective New Philosophies |
Strive for desires; evaluate "badness;" high frustration tolerance; not globally rate self/others REBT - Conditions necessary for change |
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REBT - Change occurs when... |
Therapist confronts client's thinking. Adversities are no longer thought of as awful. Client realizes they are not in control of the universe and are not worthless. |
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REBT - Role of client |
Think & work hard at understanding/contradicting "musterabatory" beliefs. Behave as their own therapists. |
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REBT - Role of Counselor |
Expert Directive Challenging Accepts no excuses Humor/smartass Unconditional acceptance Builds good rapport Not necessarily warm |
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REBT Goals |
More realistic philosophy of life Get behind ideas that are driving feelings (stinking thinking) Full acceptance of self; renewed confidence Believe it is their own "shoulds" that are messing the self up |
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Imagery |
Emotive technique (REBT): Change inappropriate thoughts/feelings to appropriate ones |
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Shame attacking |
Emotive technique (REBT): Being silly/doing odd things in public |
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Forceful Self-statements |
Emotive Technique (REBT): "I want to get an A, but I do not HAVE to!" |
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Activity Homework |
Behavioral technique (REBT): Stay in an uncomfortable situation and work it out |
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Born with needs: biological, social, psychological |
Gestalt (structure) |
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Organism exists in relation to others; interacts in context of total environment. There is no isolation. |
Gestalt (structure) |
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A Gestalt |
An experienced whole; a complete pattern. Emerges as a figure dominates field of impressions. |
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Contact Boundary |
Distinguishes one person or aspect of person from an object/another person/aspect of oneself. This is how infant relates to the world. |
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Body contact boundary |
Restrict bodily sensations (your bubble) |
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Value contact boundary |
Values we hold that are resistant to change |
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Familiarity contact boundary |
Patterned behaviors/actions that are not often thought about |
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Expressive contact boundary |
Restrictions in emotional expressions (Sharese turning red.) |
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We go through life seeking needs, need reduction, the need to be whole/integrated, and the need for closure. |
Gestalt (function) |
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Interest (Gestalt) |
Focused awareness of a need (where the Gestalt cycle begins) |
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For support. Both self & environmental |
Gestalt (function) |
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Perception (Gestalt) |
Occurs when a figure of interest emerges from the background |
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ROE for Gestalt |
Conceptualize the "I" in relation to its environment. Perceive environment through the eyes of the "I." |
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Life is relational |
ROE - Gestalt |
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ROE -Allows healthy functioning |
REBT |
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Healthy functioning - Gestalt |
Awareness of self & boundaries. Be in contact. Be in the present. |
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Gestalt - Layers of unhealthy functioning - "Phony" |
Patterned responses |
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Gestalt - Layers of unhealthy functioning - "Phobic" |
Avoidance of psychological pain |
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Gestalt - Layers of unhealthy functioning - Impasse |
Stuck. Afraid to change. |
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Gestalt - Layers of unhealthy functioning - Implosive level |
Experience the feelings & start to become aware of real self, but may do little about feelings. |
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Gestalt - Layers of unhealthy functioning - Explosive level |
Authentic without pretense |
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Contact Boundary Disturbance: Introjection |
Taking on others' views as own with no review/consideration.
Gestalt |
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Contact Boundary Disturbance: Projection |
Rejecting an aspect of self and allocating it to others. Gestalt |
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Contact Boundary Disturbance: Retroflection |
Doing to ourselves what we want to do to another. Gestalt |
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Contact Boundary Disturbance: Deflection |
Avoiding contact Gestalt |
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Contact Boundary Disturbance: Confluence |
Boundary with self and other(s) becomes muted. Gestalt |
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Gestalt - Conditions necessary for change |
Client/therapist fully present Client wants to change Client has boundary problems, but is open to feedback Client is non-defensive |
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Gestalt - Change occurs when... |
One becomes what he is The client's wishes are explored Discovery; accommodation; assimilation Implosive/explosive levels of functioning |
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Gestalt - Role of Client |
Become more aware Be ready to learn Support the self Be in contact with sensations |
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Gestalt - Role of Counselor |
Fully present Aware of client's boundaries/layers Attuned to client's experience Genuine/understanding Supportive to client & self Tries exercises |
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Goals of Gestalt Therapy |
Self-responsibility; self-actualization To grow Awareness Responsibility |
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We're born with the capacity to choose and have needs. |
Reality (structure) |
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We all have our own perceptions of reality. |
Reality (structure) |
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Infants have the ability to experience the external world as: pleasurable, painful, or neutral. |
Reality (structure) |
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Reality: function of personality |
Striving to meet 5 basic psychological needs: Survival Belonging Power Freedom Fun |
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4 Components of Total Behavior |
Doing (active behavior) Thinking (both voluntary & involuntary) Feeling (what it sounds like) Physiology (voluntary & involuntary mechanisms: sweating, urinating) |
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We choose the way we interact with others; it is not the source of human behavior. |
ROE - Reality |
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Choosing to be happy |
Healthy Functioning - Reality |
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Why do people choose to be depressed, anxious, etc.? (Reality Therapy) |
1. To keep anger under control. 2. To get others to help them. 3. They're unwilling to be more effective (it's difficult to choose better behaviors). 4. To give them power over others. (Others will need to comfort, encourage, etc. the person.) |
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Conditions necessary for change are that the therapist is: Warm Kind Caring Optimistic Helpful |
Reality Therapy (conditions necessary for change) |
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Reality Therapy - Change occurs when... |
Four basic steps: Wants Doing Evaluation Planning |
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Reality - Role of Client |
Work hard Willing to make choices & stick to them Open to new ideas |
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Reality - Role of Counselor |
Help client meet psychological needs. Take no excuses for failure to follow through. No criticism, arguing with, or punishing client Does not give up on client Let's client come up with own ideas |
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Goals of Reality Therapy |
Educational approach Unconscious process/dreams are not a part of RT. |
