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159 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Counselors who leave their reactions and selves out of their clinical work... |
Are likely to be ineffective counselors and merely technical experts. |
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Which of the following statements about effective counselors is not true? |
Effective counselors are certain that their knowledge about human nature is correct and feel obligated to steer their clients away from making poor decisions. |
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____________ refer to aspects such as the alliance, the relationship, the personal and interpersonal skills of the therapist, client agency, and extra-therapeutic factors. |
Contextual factors |
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There is considerable evidence indicating that the ______ of the psychotherapist is inextricably intertwined with the outcome of psychotherapy. |
Person |
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Linda, a license therapist with song negative opinions about homosexuality and gay marriage, believes that her clients Joe and Robert should dissolve their relationship and give heterosexuality a chance. Linda is... |
not maintaining an objective stance and seems to be encapsulated by her worldview. |
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Yi-Lung, a recent immigrant from Taiwan, has been encouraged by his American girlfriend to join her in couples counseling. During the firsts session, Yi-Lung seems reluctant to self-disclose and admits that he does not believe counseling is the best way for them to address their problems. The counselor should... |
Try to understand how Yi-Lung perceives the value of formal helping. Realize that YiLung may have different expectations about the helping process based on his cultural background. AND take Yi-Lung's degree of acculturation into account when working with him and his girlfriend. |
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Which of the following statements about therapeutic goals is true? a. setting goals is inextricably related to values b. clients initially tend to have a clear sense of what they expect from therapy c. the exploration of what a client wants from therapy should rarely be discussed during the first few sessions. d. a client who lacks therapeutic goals does not belong in therapy |
a.Setting goals is inextricably related to values. |
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Counselors ______ must examine their expectations, attitudes, biases, and assumptions about the counseling process and also about persons from diverse groups. |
from all cultural groups |
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Which of the following is NOT a guideline for increasing your effectiveness with clients from diverse backgrounds? |
use a one-size-fits-all approach in your clinical work |
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In determining the appropriateness of self-disclosure, consider... |
what to reveal, when to reveal, and how much to reveal |
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Tom plans to work with clients who are mandated by the courts to receive counseling. Considering they will be involuntary clients, Tom should... |
make sure that he prepares them well for the process |
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Students willing to risk making mistakes in supervised learning situations and willing to reveal their self-doubts... |
will find a direction that leads to growth |
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Understanding the sociopolitical system of which clients are a part of is... |
necessary in order to become multiculturally competent |
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Yolanda, a therapist specializing in working with adolescents, told young pregnant client to strong consider giving her child up for adoption. In Yolanda's words, "Certainly you don't want to eliminate the possibility of going to college and ruin your future by having a child at such a young age, right?" Yolanda is... |
Exerting influence and imposing her values on the client |
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A counseling trainee makes the following comment in class: "I would never work with a counselor who has been a client in counseling. If they can't handle their own problems, how could they possibly be effective in helping others?" What would be an appropriate response on the part of the instructor? |
"Our own work as a client can teach us valuable lessons about how to creatively facilitate deeper levels of self-exploration in clients. And it tends to increase our appreciation for the course our clients display in their therapeutic journeys." |
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Bracketing |
The ability of counselors to manage their personal values so that they do not contaminate the counseling process. |
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Countertransference |
The process of therapists seeing in their clients patterns of their own behavior, over identifying with clients, or meeting their own needs through their clients. |
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Culture |
The values and behaviors shared by a group of individuals |
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Diversity-competent practitioner |
An ongoing process that involves a practitioner developing awareness of beliefs and attitudes, acquiring knowledge about race and culture, and learning skills and intervention strategies necessary to work effectively with culturally diverse populations |
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Professional burnout |
A condition that occurs when helps feel drained and depleted as a result of their work. |
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Self-monitoring |
the ability to pay attention to what one is thinking, feeling, and doing. This is a crucial first step in self-care |
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Value imposition |
Refers to counselors' behavior in directly attempting to define a client's values, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors. |
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T/F The psychosocial perspective is not at all competitive with the psychosexual view of development |
False |
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T/F Children who do not experience the opportunity to differentiate self from others may later develop a narcissistic personality disorder |
True |
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T/F The contemporary trends in psychoanalytic theory are reflected in object-relations theory, the self-psychology model, and the relational model. |
True |
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T/F Brief psychodynamic therapists assume a neutral therapeutic stance as a way to promote transference |
False |
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T/F Analytic therapy is oriented toward achieving insight. |
True |
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T/F Working through is achieve almost totally by catharsis, including getting out deeply buried emotions. |
False |
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T/F From the Freudian perspective, resistance is typically a conscious process. |
False |
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T/F The contemporary psychoanalytic approaches place emphasis on the unconscious, the role of transference, and countertransference, and the importance of early life experiences. |
True |
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T/F Object-relations theorists focus on symbiosis, separation, differentiation, and integration. |
True |
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T/F Object relations theory emphasizes early development as a decisive factor influencing later development. |
True |
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Who of the following is NOT considered an object-relations theorist? a. Heinz Kohlt b. Margaret Mahler c. Otto Kernberg d. Erik Erikson |
d. Erik Erikson |
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Which of the following is NOT considered a contemporary psychoanalytic approach? a. object-relations theory b. self psychology c. relational psychoanalysis d. classical psychoanalysis |
d. classical psychoanalysis |
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the newer psychoanalytic thinking? |
People are classified as compliant, aggressive, or detached types. |
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"Maintaining the analytic framework" refers to... |
the whole range of procedural factors in the treatment process. The analyst's relative anonymity. Agreement on the payment of feeds. and the regularity and consistency of meetings. |
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All of the following are concepts developed by Carl Jung except... a. the shadow b. normal infantile autism c. animus and anima d. collective unconscious e. archetypes |
b. normal infantile autism |
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According to Erickson's psychosocial view, the struggle between industry and inferiority occurs during... |
school age |
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Erickson's preschool-age phase corresponds to which Freudian stage? |
Phallic |
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Psychoanalytic Therapy: Which term refers to the repetition of interpretations and the overcoming of resistance so that clients can resolve neurotic patterns? |
working through |
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Psychoanalytic Therapy: Analysis of transference is central to psychoanalysis because it... |
allows clients to relive their past in therapy and to gain insight. |
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Psychoanalytic Therapy: In brief psychodynamic therapy (BPT) there therapist... |
assumes an active role in quickly formulating a therapeutic focus that goes beyond the surface of presenting problems. |
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Psychoanalytic Therapy: In psychoanalytic therapy (as opposed to classical analysis), which of the following procedures is least likely to be used... |
the client lying on the couch |
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Psychoanalytic Therapy: Borderline and narcissistic disorders have been given much attention by... |
object relations theory |
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Psychoanalytic Therapy: During psychoanalytic treatment, clients are typically asked... |
not to make radical changes in their lifestyle |
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Psychoanalytic Therapy: Countertransference refers to... |
the irrational reaction therapists have toward their clients. |
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Adlerian Therapy: According to Adler, childhood experiences... |
in themselves are not as crucial as our attitude toward those experiences |
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Adlerian Therapy: The Adlerian point of view toward the role of insight in therapy is best stated in this way: |
to be of value, insight must be translated into a constructive action program |
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Adlerian Therapy: Which of the following statements is NOT true as it is applied to Adlerian therapy? |
the approach is grounded on the medical model |
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Adlerian Therapy:Adler linked the recognition of inferiority feelings with striving for perfection or mastery. This notion is best captured by which saying? |
Inferiority and the quest for mastery are two sides of the same coin. |
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Adlerian Therapy: The lifestyle assessment includes information based on... |
the family constellation, early recollections, dreams, and mistaken, self-defeating perceptions |
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Adlerian Therapy: Which is the correct sequence of human experiencing from an Adlerian perspective? |
First we think, then we feel, then we act. |
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Adlerian Therapy: Adlerians could best be described as using which techniques? |
They fit a variety of techniques to the needs of each client. |
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How would the Adlerian therapist view the personal problems of clients? |
As the end result of a process of discouragment |
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four phases of the Adlerian therapeutic process? |
teaching the client the process of free association |
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Which term does NOT fit adlerian therapy? a. holistic b. social c. teleological d. deterministic e. phenomenological |
d. deterministic |
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Which of the following does Adler NOT stress? |
b. biological and instinctual drives |
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Adlerian Therapy: The phenomenological orientation pays attention to the... |
way in which individuals perceive the world. |
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Adlerian Therapy: The concept of fictional finalist refers to... |
an imagined central goal that guides a person's behavior |
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Adlerians consider which factors to be influential in an individual's life? |
psychological position in the family, birth order, interactions among siblings and parent-child relationships. |
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Adlerians value early recollections as an important clue to the understanding of... |
the individual's lifestyle |
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is the person who developed logo therapy? |
Victor Frankl |
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Which is NOT a key concept of existential therapy? |
It is based on a well-defined set of techniques. |
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The existential 'givens of life' include all of the following except... a. death. b. taxes. c. freedom. d. existential isolation. e. meaninglessness |
b. taxes |
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Which of the following is a limitation of the existential approach in working with culturally diverse client populations? |
the focus on one's own responsibility rather than on changing social conditions |
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One function of the existential therapist is to... |
understand the client's subjective world |
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According to the existential view, anxiety is a... |
part of the human condition |
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Existential Therapy: Resistance is seem as part of ___________, of how a person understand his or her being and relationship to the world at large |
the self and world construct |
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Existential Therapy: What is the most crucial quality of a therapist in building an effective therapeutic relationship with a client? |
the therapist's authenticity |
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Who was the main American spokesperson of European existential thinking as it is applied to psychotherapy? |
Rollo May |
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Guilty and anxiety are viewed by existential therapists as: a. behaviors that are unrealistic b. the result of traumatic situations in childhood c. conditions that should be removed or cured d. all of the above e. none of the above |
e. none of the above
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The existential approach is based on... |
the philosophical concern with what it means to be fully human |
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Existential therapy is basically... |
an experimental and relational approach |
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Existential therapy places emphasis on... |
the quality of the client-therapist relationship |
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Existential Therapy: The central theme running through the works of Viktor Frankl is... |
the will to meaning |
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The existential therapist would probably agree that... |
ultimately we are alone |
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In person-centered group counseling, the role of the counselor is best described as a... |
facilitator |
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Person-centered therapy is a form of... |
humanistic therapy |
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Which of the following is considered important in person-centered therapy? a. accurate diagnosis b. accurate therapist interpretation c. therapeutic experiments d. all of the above e. none of the above |
e. none of the above |
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Person-Centered Therapy: Congruence refers to the therapist's... |
genuineness |
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In person-centered therapy, transference is... |
not as essential or significant factor in the therapy process |
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Emotion-focused therapy... a. is rooted in a person-centered philosophy b. incorporates aspects of Gestalt therapy into the process c. incorporates aspects of existential therapy into the process d. both a and b e. all of the above |
e. all of the above |
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Accurate empathic understanding refers to the therapist's ability to... |
sense the inner world of the client's subjective experience. |
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Which technique(s) is (are) most often used in the person-centered approach? |
active listening and reflection |
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Which statement is most true of person-centered theory? |
the techniques a therapist uses are less important than are his or her attitudes |
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Person-Centered Theory: In what stage of change do individuals intend to take action immediately and report some small behavioral changes? |
preparation |
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One strength of the person-centered approach is that... |
therapists have the latitude to develop their own counseling style. |
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A limitation of the person-centered approach is a ... |
tendency for practitioners to give support without challenging clients sufficiently |
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Unconditional positive regard refers to... |
accepting clients as worthy persons |
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Rogers made a contribution to: a. developing the humanistic movement in psychotherapy b. pionieren research in the process and outcomes of therapy c. fostering world peace. d. pioneering the encounter-group movement e. all of the above |
e. all of the above
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As a result of experiencing person-centered therapy, it is hypothesized that the client will move toward... a. self-trust b. an internal source of evaluation c. being more open to experience d. a willingness to continue growing e. all of the above |
e. all of the above |
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The main founder of the Gestalt therapy is ... |
Fritz Perls |
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Which is NOT true of Gestalt therapy? |
The focus on the 'why' of behavior |
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Which of the following is NOT a key concept of Gestalt therapy? |
intellectual understanding of one's problems |
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According to the Gestalt view, awareness... |
is by itself therapeutic |
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The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is to help clients... |
move from environmental support to self-support |
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The impasse is the point in therapy at which clients... a. do not have external support available to them b. experience a sense of being stuck c. are challenged to get into contact with their frustrations and accept whatever is d. all of the above |
d. all of the above |
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Gestalt therapy can best be characterized as... |
an experiential therapy |
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Gestalt therapy encourages clients to... a. experience feelings intensely b. stay in the here and now c. work through the impasse d. pay attention to their own nonverbal messages e. do all of the above |
e. do all of the above
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The focus of Gestalt therapy is on... |
recognizing one's own projections and refusing to accept helplessness |
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A contribution of the Gestalt approach is that is... |
deals wit the past in a lively manner |
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The process of distraction, which makes it difficult to maintain sustained contact, is... |
deflection |
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The process of turning back to ourselves what we would like to do to someone else is... |
retroflection |
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The tendency to uncritically accept others' beliefs without assimilating or internalizing them is... |
introjection |
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The process of blurring awareness of the boundary between self and environment is... |
deflection |
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What is a limitation (or limitations) of Gestalt therapy as it is applied to working with culturally diverse populations? a. clients who have been culturally conditioned to be emotionally reserved may not see value in experiential techniques b. clients may be 'put off' by the emphasis on expressing feelings c. clients may be looking for specific advice on solving practical problems d. clients may believe showing one's vulnerability is being weak e. all of the above are limitations |
e. all of the above are limitations |
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Behavior therapy is grounded on |
the principles of learning |
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Mindfulness and acceptance-based approaches... |
have received empirical support as an effective form of therapy |
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In behavior therapy it is generally agreed that... |
the client should decide the treatment goals |
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Which is NOT true as it is applied to behavior therapy? |
insight is necessary for behavior change to occur |
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According to most behavior therapists, a good working relationship between client and therapist is... |
a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for behavior change to occur |
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Applied behavior analysis makes us of... |
operant conditioning techniques |
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Mindfulness practices rely on... |
experiential learning and client discovery |
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Which is NOT true of dialectical behavior therapy? |
DBT is a blend of Adlerian concepts and behavioral techniques. |
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An exposure-based procedure that involves imaginal flooding, cognitive restructuring, and the induction of rapid, rhythmic eye movements aimed at treatment of traumatic experiences is called... |
eye movement desensitization and reprocessing |
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Prolonged/intense exposure---either in real life or in imagination-- to highly anxiety-evoking stimuli is called... |
flooding |
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A limitation of traditional behavior therapy is its... |
de-emphasis on the role of feelings in therapy |
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Contemporary behavior therapy places emphasis on... |
the interplay between the individual and the environment |
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Which is NOT true as it applies to multi-model therapy? |
Great care is taken to fit the client to a predetermined type of treatment |
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Which of the following is NOT considered one of the basic characteristics of contemporary behavior therapy? |
The therapy is an experiential and insight-oriented approach. |
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Which of the following is NOT a part of stress inoculation training? a. socratic discovery-oriented inquiry b. relaxation training c. behavior rehearsals d. self-reinforcement e. exception questions |
e. exception questions
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REBT is based on the philosophical assumption that human beings are... |
potentially able to think rationally but have a tendency toward irrational thinking |
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REBT stresses that human beings... |
think, emote, and behave simultaneously. |
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What is one role that SB-CBT practitioners would likely avoid assuming? |
assuming an expert's stance |
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In cognitive behavioral group therapy... |
some research shows that this approach is effective for treating a wide range of emotional and behavioral problems. |
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Strengths-based CBT contends that people... |
have within their being positive qualities such as altruism, creativity, and courage |
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According to REBT, we develop emotional disturbances because of... |
our beliefs about certain events |
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Meichenbaum's _____________ focuses on helping clients become aware of their self-talk and the stories they tell about themselves. |
self-instructional training |
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In cognitive therapy the assumption is that psychological problems stem from processes such as... |
faulty thinking, making incorrect inferences on the basis of inadequate or incorrect information, failing to distinguish between fantasy and reality, and negative automatic thoughts. |
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Cognitive therapy is based on the assumption that... |
cognitions are the major determinants of how we feel and act |
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Cognitive therapy techniques are designed to... |
identify and test clients' misconceptions and faulty assumptions |
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The type of cognitive error that involves thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms of categorizing experiences in either-or extremes is known as... |
polarized thinking |
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Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT in that Beck emphasizes... |
a socratic dialogue, helping clients discover their misconceptions by themselves, working with the client in collaborative ways, and more structure in there therapeutic process. |
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Beck's collaborate therapy has been most widely applied to the treatment of... |
depression |
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In self-instructional training, which of the following is given primary importance? |
The role of inner speech |
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The founder of reality therapy is.... |
William Glasser |
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According to this approach, insight... |
is not necessary for producing behavior change. |
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The view of human nature underlying reality therapy is... |
that we have a need for identity, that we have the need to feel loved and to love others, that we need to feel worthwhile to ourselves and others. |
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Which is NOT a key concept of reality therapy? a. focus on the present b. unconscious motivation c. self-evaluation d. involvement as part of the therapy process e. responsibility |
b. Unconscious motivation |
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Which of the following is NOT true of reality therapy? a. it is based on the premise that acting and thinking are chosen behaviors b. clients must make commitments c. therapists do not accept excuses or blaming d. therapy is a didactic process e. working through the transference relationship is essential for therapy to occur |
e. working through the transference relationship is essential for therapy to occur. |
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Regarding the goals of reality therapy, |
it is the client's responsibility to decide goals. |
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In reality therapy, our quality world is likened to... |
a picture album |
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Which statement is NOT true of reality therapy? a. it is based on a personal relationship. b. it focuses on attitude change as a prerequisite for behavior change. c. planning is essential d. the focus is on the client's strengths |
b. it focuses on attitude change as a prerequisite for behavior change |
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Reality therapy was designed originally for working with... |
youthful offenders in detention facilities |
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Which of the following would NOT be used by a reality therapist? a. analysis of the transference relationship b. hypnosis c. the analysis of dream d. the search for causes of current problems e. all of the above |
e. all of the above |
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Which of the following statements is true as it applies to choice theory? |
We are motivated completely by internal forces, and our behavior is our best attempt to get what we want. |
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According to Glasser, all of the following are basic psychological needs except for.. a. competition b. belonging c. power d. freedom e. fun |
competition |
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An axiom os choice theory is that... |
although the past may have contributed to a current problem the past is never the problem |
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Sometimes it seems as though people actually choose to be miserable, Glasser explained the dynamics of depressing as being based on... a. keeping anger under control b. getting others to help us c. excusing our unwillingness to do something more effective d. all of the above |
d. all of the above |
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All of the following are procedures in reality therapy that are said to lead to change except for... a. exploring wants, needs, and perceptions b. focusing on current behavior c. the therapist's evaluating of the client's behavior d. the client's evaluating of his or her own behavior e. the client's committing to a plan of action |
c. the therapist's evaluating of the client's behavior |
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What is the goal of psychoanalytic therapy? |
Make the unconscious conscious |
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What is the goal of Adlerian therapy? |
Adlerians are mainly concerned with helping clients identity and change their mistaken beliefs about self, others, and life. |
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What is the goal of Existential therapy? |
Existential therapy provides an invitation to clients to recognize the ways in which they are not living fully authentic lives and to make choices that will lead to their becoming what they are capable of becoming. |
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What is the goal of person-centered therapy? |
A major goal is to provide a climate of safety and trust in the therapeutic setting so that the client, by using the therapeutic relationship for self-exploration, can become aware of blocks to growth. |
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What is the goal of Gestalt therapy? |
The goal is attaining awareness and expanding choices. |
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What is the goal of Behavior therapy? |
The general goals are to increase personal choice and to create new conditions for learning. An aim is to eliminate maladaptive behaviors and learn more effective behavior patterns. |
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What is the goal of REBT? |
The goal of REBT is to eliminate a self-defeating outlook on life and acquire a more rational and tolerant philosophy. |
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What is the goal of Cognitive therapy? |
The goal of CT is to help clients learn practical skills that they can use to make changes in their thoughts.
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What is the goal of Choice theory/Reality therapy? |
The goal this approach is to help people find better ways to meet their needs for survival, love, belonging, power, freedom, and fun. |
