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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 4 types of costs? |
- Variable Cost: Cost changes with the amount of work - Fixed Cost: These never change! - Direct Cost: Connected to the work being done (ex: wages) - Indirect Cost: Overhead items (ex: Taxes and security of company) |
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What are the accuracy of estimates? |
- Rough Order of Magnitude: Range of -25% to +75% - Budget: Range of -10% to +25% - Definitive: Range of -10% to +10% |
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How to read Variances? |
< behind or over = on budget or on Track > Ahead of schedule or under budget |
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Define Grade. |
As a design intent is a category |
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What did Joseph Juran do? |
Developed 80/20 rule |
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What did W. Edward do? |
Developed 14 steps of total quality management and plan-do-act-check. |
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What did Philip Crosby do? |
Popularized the concept of cost of poor quality. |
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Explain Prevention over Inspection. |
Quality must be planned in, not inspected in. |
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Explain Marginal Analysis. |
Point where revenue/benefits to be received from improving quality equals the incremental cost to achieve quality. |
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Explain Just in Time (JIT) |
Having materials or products whenever it is needed. |
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Define Total Quality Management (TQM) |
A philosophy that encourages continuous improvement of business and product quality. |
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What is Cost Benefits Analysis? |
Weighs benefits versus the cost of meeting quality requirements. |
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What is Cost of Quality (COQ)? |
Help to make sure that the project is not spending to much to assure quality. |
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What is Cost Conformance? |
Money spent during the project to avoid failures. |
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What is Cost of Nonformance? |
Money spent during and after the project because of failure. |
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What is benchmarking? |
Using past projects to provide a basis to the current project. Also to get ideas for improvement. |
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What is Design of Experiment (DOE)? |
Experimentation to statistically determined what variances will improve quality. |
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What is statistical sampling? |
Choosing a part of the population for investigation. |
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Explain cost and effect as a quality tool. |
Helps to find how to repair a defect and get to the root cause of the problem. |
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Explain flowcharts as a quality tool. |
Shows how a system flow from beginning to end. |
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Explain flowcharts as a quality tool. |
Shows how a system flow from beginning to end. |
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Explain check-sheets as a quality tool. |
Used as a checklist when gathering data. |
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Explain Pareto Diagrams as a quality tool. |
Vertical bar charts used to identify the root cause of the most frequent problems that make the greatest impact in quality. |
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Explain histograms as a quality tool. |
Used to describe the central tendency, dispersion, and shape of a statistical distribution. |
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Explain scattered Diagrams as a quality tool. |
Tracks 2 variables to see if they are related. |
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Explain Control Charts in quality tools. |
Used to determining whether or not a process is stable or has predictable performance. |
