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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Computer Science
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The study of the principles and use of computers.
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Algorithm
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A finite set of well defined steps that solve a specific problem.
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Bit
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Encoded patterns of 0s & 1s found inside today's computers information.
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Byte
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A string of 8 bits.
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Kbyte (KB)
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1024 bytes
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Megabyte (MB)
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1024 Kbytes; 1 Million bytes
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Gigabyte (GB)
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1 Billion Bytes
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High-Order Bit
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The left most bit in a bite string. Also known as the "Most Significant Bit".
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Boolean operators
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AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND, NOR. Gives an answer of "True" or "False". "Operations that manipulate true of false answers."
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Memory Address
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Used to identify individual cells in a computer's main memory.
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Hexadecimal Notation
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Shorthand notation which takes advantage of the fact that bit patterns within a machine tend to have lengths in multiples of four. It uses a single symbol to represent a pattern of four bits.
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Program
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A representation of an algorithm.
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Hardware
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The machinery itself.
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Software
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Programs, and algorithms they represent.
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Processor
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A collection of circuits that execute instructions. Controls the rest of the system. Gets instructions from memory.
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ALU
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Arethmetic/Logic Unit. Part of the computer that does calculations (A) based on true/false logic (L).
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Control Unit
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Part of the processor that contains circuitry for coordinating the machine's activities.
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Register
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Data storage cells (similar to main memory cells) used for temporary storage of information within the CPU.
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Machine Language
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Consists of binary bit strings. Usually Hex representations are used by humans working w/ M.L. **ALL** programs are translated to M.L. before they can be executed by a computer (most important part). M.L. is specific to the particular hardware being used. LOW LEVEL.
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Program Counter
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Contains the address of NEXT instruction.
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Instruction Register
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Holds the CURRENT instruction being executed.
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Motherboard
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A machine's main circuit board.
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Assembly Language
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A mnemonic for representing programs.
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High Level language
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Consists of english-like statements. Meant to be human readable. Designed to be independent of the processor the program will be eventually executed by. A program called a Compiler (interpreter) translates a high-level language to a specific M.L.
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Compiler
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Translation program that translates a high-level language to a specific machine language.
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Memory
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RAM. Stores instructions & data processor is currently using. Volatile. Byte in memory (8-Bits)
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Volatile
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Power must be on
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Nonvolatile
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Info is saved even when the power is off.
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AND Gate truth table.
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In1 In2 Output
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 |
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OR Gate truth table.
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In1 In2 Output
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 |
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NOT Gate truth table.
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In1 Output
0 1 1 0 |
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XOR Gate truth table.
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In1 In2 Output
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 |
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NAND Gate truth table.
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In1 In2 Output
0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 |
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NOR Gate truth table.
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In1 In2 Output
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 |
