Coronary Artery Disease And Arteriosclerosis

Front 1

• Small branches of the right coronary artery go to

Back 1

the right atrium

Front 2

• The Marginal Artery

Back 2

right coronary artery, travels to the right ventricle

Front 3

• Posterior Interventricular Artery

Back 3

right coronary artery, goes to both ventricles

Front 4

• Circumflex Artery

Back 4

left coronary artery, travels to both atria

Front 5

• Anterior Interventricular Artery

Back 5

left coronary artery, travels to both ventricles

Front 6

• Anterior Interventricular Artery is AKA

Back 6

Lt Anterior Descending Artery

Front 7

• Coronary Artery Disease

Back 7

insufficient coronary blood flow; overall name for atherosclerotic heart disease, angian pectoris, myocardial infarction

Front 8

• Arteriosclerosis

Back 8

group of disorders resulting in the thickening and inelasticity of arterial walls [hardening of arteries]

Front 9

• Atherosclerosis

Back 9

m/c form or arteriosclerosis, caused by the buildup of plaque (cholesterol, fatty acids, WBCs) and affects the large and medium sized arteries

Front 10

• Most common cause of Coronary Artery Disease?

Back 10

Atherosclerosis

Front 11

• Is Atherosclerosis fast or slow progressive?

Back 11

slow, over years

Front 12

• How does atherosclerosis affect the heart?

Back 12

Slowly deprives the myocardium of blood supply

Front 13

• How does Atherosclerosis begin in childhood?

Back 13

formation of atheroma through fatty deposits in the vessel intima

Front 14

• Fibrous encapsulation of fatty deposits in arteries result in _____

Back 14

fibrous plaques/ atheroma

Front 15

• How do plaques affect the lining of arteries?

Back 15

roughen surface, narrow lumen

Front 16

• Where is it most common for plaque to elevate the lining of vessels?

Back 16

m/c at bends/ junctions, where turbulence is most common

Front 17

• When does atherosclerosis become apparent

Back 17

early childhood= asymptomatic, midlife becomes clinical apparent through ischemia to vital organs

Front 18

• What is the outcome of atherosclerosis?

Back 18

myocardium of the heart becomes threatened when there is an imbalance between the myocardial oxygen supply and myocardial oxygen demand

Front 19

• What are some risk factors for coronary artery disease?

Back 19

age (increases with age), sex (generally more common in males), hereditary factors, high BP, high blood cholesterol, bad habits (smoking, physical inactivity, obesity), stress, diabetes, and personality

Front 20

• What is Angina Pectoris?

Back 20

chest pain which occurs when there is a deficit of oxygen to the heart muscle and the heart is working harder than normal to keep up with the oxygen demand (pre heart attack)

Front 21

• What are signs/ symptoms of an angina pectoris?

Back 21

vomiting, nausea, SOB, pain irradiating down the medial aspect of the left arm, clenched fist on sternum

Front 22

• What can the signs and symptoms of angia pectoris mimic?

Back 22

indigestion

Front 23

• What is angina pectoris brought on by?

Back 23

activities that increase the demand for oxygen within the body

Front 24

• How is angina pectoris treated?

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treated through the use of the drug nitrong (nitroglycerine, which is a coronary vasodilator drug); best administration is through spray on tongue

Front 25

• What is a myocardial infarction?

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ischemic death of myocardial tissue (heart attack)

Front 26

• How long till ischemia of the myocardium is irreversible/ causes necrosis?

Back 26

30-35min

Front 27

• What kind of diagnostic test can be done to look for ischemia of myocardial tissue?

Back 27

nuclear medicine tests

Front 28

• Is there a permanent loss of function to the infarcted area of the myocardium?

Back 28

yes

Front 29

• What are the s/s of myocardial infarction?

Back 29

severe and prolonged crushing chest pain that radiates to the left arm (can be explained as someone sitting on chest), sweating, nausea, vomiting, increased levels of cardiac enzymes, changes in ECG waves

Front 30

• Are CXR useful for imaging myocardial infarction?

Back 30

not really, helpful for imaging complications (pleural effusion, pulmonary edema)

Front 31

• What kind of study demonstrates stenosis and occlusion of vessels around the heart, and possible collateral circulation present in a myocardial infarction?

Back 31

coronary angiography

Front 32

• What is a method to help fix coronary artery disease?

Back 32

balloon angioplasty and stent placement

Front 33

• What are the complications of a myocardial infarction?

Back 33

CHF, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, rt ventricular congestion, peripheral edema, cardiogenic shock, papillary dysfunction, acquired ventricular septal defect, cardiac rupture, aneurysm in the left ventricle, thrombo-embolism, pericarditis, tachycardia/ Brachycardia

Front 34

• What are the radiographic findings of a myocardial infarction?

Back 34

cardiomegaly, coronary calcifications, pleural effusion, pulmonary congestion (interstitial/ alveolar densities)