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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Coronary Angiography |
Injects dye into coronary arteries to evaluate blood flow |
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Creatine Kinase |
An enzyme released during cell damage. High levels may indicate MI |
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EKG or ECG |
Record of electrical activity of the heart. Gives important information about the sites of electricity through the heart |
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Troponin 1 |
A protein released into blood by damaged heart muscle. Specific marker for MI |
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Holter Monitor |
24 hour ECG monitoring and log of activities to assess for myocardial ischemia |
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Stress test |
Exercise tolerance test to evaluate cardiac function while the body is experiencing physical exercise |
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Myoglobin |
Oxygen binding muscle protein normally found in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Released into the blood stream after muscle damage. |
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ANP |
Hormone released from the atrium in response to volume |
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BNP |
Hormone released from the ventricles used to diagnose heart failure |
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High sensitivity C reactive protein |
A protein that is increased during acute inflammation, including inflammation of the coronary vessels. Useful in predicting CAD |
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MRF of CAD |
Oral hygiene, anger, depression, oral contraceptives |
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Non MRF of CAD |
Male, over 55, family history, African american, post menopause |
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Prevention of CAD |
Exercise, less saturated fats, normal weight, stop smoking |
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How does smoking contribute to CAD? |
-increases platelet adhesion and thrombus formation. -Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin, decreases O2 circulation -Nicotine releases stress response, vasoconstriction, increase BP |
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Why do you want to treat hypertension in CAD? |
-High BP causes a high pressure gradient against the left ventricle -Increases myocardial demand -Activates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
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What preventative treatment should be added for CAD? |
"statin" drugs, aggressive hypertension treatment, anticoagulants |
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What are CAD S/S for men? |
substernal chest pain (burning, squeezing, tightness), pain radiating to left arm,neck,jaw,shoulder, difficulty breathing |
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What are CAD S/S for women? |
heaviness in shoulder,jaw,neck,throat,teeth, no chest pain, feeling breathless, flu like symptoms (nausea, clammy, cold sweats), fatigue |
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Nursing care for angina? |
COLDSPA, vitals, EKG, administer nitro sublingual, O2, decrease activity, semi fowlers |
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Angina VS MI? |
Angina-burning, squeezing, radiate. 5-15 min, related to stressor, relieved with rest, nitro, or O2. SOB, dizzy, nausea, weakness. Cardiac marker normal. MI-severe, persistent substernal pain, may radiate. >15 min. Relieved with morphine and opening blocked artery. Impending doom, fatigue, SOB, cold extremities, anxiety. Cardiac marker elevated |
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Left Sided Cardiac Catheterization |
Long tube inserted into the femoral or brachial artery to examine one side of the heart and coronary arteries |
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Right Sided Cardiac Catheterization |
Long tube inserted into the femoral vein to evaluate one side of the heart and pulmonary vessels |
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Magnetic Resonance Angiography |
Noninvasive examination of blood vessels. Studies blockages, aneurysms, and other diseases |
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Coronary calcium scan |
X ray test that provides pictures of the heart. Enables Dr to detect and measure calcium-containing plaque in the arteries. |
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What is a noninvasive test that can show plaque in the arteries? |
Coronary calcium scan |
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What test would be performed in a wellness check before symptoms? |
High sensitivity C reactive protein and total cholesterol |
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What is a preliminary screening for heart problems? |
Coronary calcium scan |
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What blood tests would be done for someone who came in for chest pain? |
Troponin 1 first, creatine kinase second, myoglobin third |
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What test would be done for someone with chest pain? |
ECG |
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What are some outpatient tests that can monitor the heart |
Holter monitor, then stress test to duplicate results in the lab |
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What test is done to diagnose where a Stent needs to be placed? |
MRA |
