Core Principles (First Aid)

Front 1

Case Control Study:
Design and Measurements

Back 1

Front 2

Cohort Study:
Design and Measurements

Back 2

Front 3

Cross-sectional Study:
Design and Measurements

Back 3

Front 4

Time investigation of cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies

Back 4

Front 5

Twin concordance Study:
Design and Measurements

Back 5

Front 6

Adoption Study:
Design and Measurements

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Front 7

Clinical Trial: Definition

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Front 8

Clinical Trial: Phase I-- Study Sample and Purpose

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Front 9

Clinical Trial: Phase II-- Study Sample and Purpose

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Front 10

Clinical Trial: Phase III-- Study Sample and Purpose

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Front 11

Meta-analysis

Back 11

Front 12

2 x 2 Table

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Front 13

Sensitivity

Back 13

Front 14

Specificity

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Front 15

Negative Predictive Value

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Front 16

Back 16

100 % specificity rules in the disease, while 100% sensitivity rules out the disease.

Front 17

Positive Predictive Value

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Front 18

Prevalence vs. Incidence

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Front 19

Odds ratio, relative risk, attributable risk

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Front 20

Precision vs. Accuracy

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Front 21

Bias types: selection, recall, sampling

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Front 22

Bias types: late-look, procedure, confounding

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Front 23

Bias types: lead-time, Pygmalion effect, Hawthorne effect

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Front 24

Statistical Distribution

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Front 25

Statistical Hypotheses

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Front 26

Type 1 and Type 2 error

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Front 27

Power

Back 27

Front 28

Standard Deviation and Standard Error

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Front 29

Normal Distribution

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Front 30

Confidence Interval

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Front 31

t-test, ANOVA, and chi-squared

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Front 32

Correlation coefficient

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Front 33

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Disease Prevention

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Front 34

Disease Prevention Measures (some examples): diabetes, drug use, alcoholism, overweight, homeless/recent immigrant/inmate, high risk sexual behavior

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Front 35

Leading Cause of Death in the USA by age

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Front 36

Infant motor and cognitive/social milestones

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Front 37

Toddler motor and cognitive/social milestones

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Front 38

Preschool motor and cognitive/social milestones

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Front 39

Piaget's stages of cognitive development

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Front 40

Tanner stages of sexual development

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Front 41

Changes in the elderly

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Front 42

Grief (normal and pathologic)

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Front 43

Kubler-Ross Grief Stages

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Front 44

Stress effects

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Front 45

Body Mass Index (BMI)

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Front 46

Sleep Stages

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Front 47

REM sleep

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Front 48

Narcolepsy

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Front 49

Circadian Rhythm

Back 49

Front 50

Chromatin Structure

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Front 51

Heterochromatin

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Front 52

Euchromatin

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Front 53

"Beads on a String"

Back 53

Term used to describe chromatin structure

Front 54

Purines and Pyrimidines

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Front 55

GC Content

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Front 56

Relationship between cytosine and uracil

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Front 57

Uracil and Thymine

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Uracil found in RNA, Thymine in DNA. THYmine contains a meTHYl group.

Front 58

What amino acids are used to make purines?

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Glycine, Aspartate, and Glutamine (GAG)

Front 59

What is used to make pyrimidines?

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Front 60

Nucleoside vs. Nucleotide

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Front 61

De novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis

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Front 62

Purine Salvage Deficiencies

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Front 63

Transition vs. Transversion

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Front 64

Features of the genetic code

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Front 65

DNA mutations

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Front 66

DNA Replication!

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Front 67

Single Strand DNA repair

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Front 68

Double Strand DNA repair

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Front 69

DNA/RNA/Protein synthesis directions

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Note: error in this diagram. The 3' OH is the attacking nucleophile. It attacks a triphosphate bond (depicted as a monophosphate here) in the incoming nucleotide.

Front 70

Types of RNA

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Front 71

Start and Stop Codons

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Front 72

Functional Organization of the Gene

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Front 73

Gene expression regulation

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Front 74

RNA polymerases in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

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Front 75

RNA Processing (Eukaryotes)

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Front 76

pre-mRNA splicing in Eukaryotes

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Front 77

Introns vs. Exons

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Front 78

tRNA

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Front 79

tRNA wobble

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Front 80

Protein Synthesis: Initiation

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Front 81

Protein Synthesis: Elongation

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Front 82

Protein Synthesis: Termination

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Front 83

Prokaryote and Eukaryote Ribosome Subunits

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Front 84

Roles of ATP and GTP in protein synthesis

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Front 85

A, P, and E sites of ribosome

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Front 86

Antibiotics that interfere with protein synthesis

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Front 87

The eukaryotic ribosome

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Front 88

GTP and ATP requirements in translation

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Front 89

Posttranslational modifications of proteins

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Front 90

Cell cycle phases

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Front 91

Cell types with respect to cell cycle states

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Front 92

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

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Front 93

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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Front 94

Golgi apparatus and vesicular trafficing

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Front 95

Microtubule

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Front 96

Cilia structure

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Front 97

Cytoskeletal elements

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