First Aid Step 2 Ck Emergency

Front 1

Drugs that induce P-450 enzymes

Back 1

barbituates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin, quinidine, griseofulvin

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Drugs that inhibit P-450 enzymes

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cimetidine, ketoconazole, INH, grapefruit, erythromycin, sulfonamides

Front 3

Drugs metabolized by P-450 enzymes

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benzos, amide anesthetics, metoprolol, propranolol, nifedipine, phenytoin, quinidine, theophylline, warfarin, barbituates

Front 4

Drugs that increase the risk of digoxin toxicity

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quinidine, cimetidine, amiodarone, calcium channel blockers

Front 5

Drugs that compete for albumin-binding sites

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warfarin, ASA, phenytoin

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Drugs that cause Blood dyscrasias

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ibuprofen, quinidine, methyldopa, chemotherapeutic agents

Front 7

Drugs that lead to hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients

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sulfonamides, isoniazid (INH) ASA, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin, primaquine, pyrimethamine, chloramphenicol

Front 8

Drugs that can lead to gynecomastia

Back 8

spironolactone, estrogens, digitalis, cimetidine, chronic alcohol use, ketoconazole
"Some Excellent Drugs Create Awesome Knockers"

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drugs that can cause stevens-johnson syndrome

Back 9

ethosuximide
sulfonamides

Front 10

drugs that can cause photosensitivity

Back 10

tetracycline, amiodarone, sulfonamides

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drugs that cause drug-induced SLE

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procainamide, hydralazine, INH, penicillamine, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, quinidine

Front 12

Antidote for acetaminophen

Back 12

N-acetylcysteine

Front 13

Antidote for acid/alkali ingestion

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upper endoscopy to evaluate for stricture

Front 14

Antidote for anticholinesterases, organophosphates

Back 14

atropine, pralidoxime

Front 15

Antidote for antimuscarinic/anticholinergic agents

Back 15

physostigmine

Front 16

Antidote for arsenic, mercury, gold

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succimer, dimercaprol

Front 17

Antidote for beta-blockers

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glucagon

Front 18

Antidote for barbiturates

Back 18

urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal, supportive care

Front 19

Antidote for benzodiazepines

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flumazenil (can precipitate withdrawal)

Front 20

Antidote for black widow bite

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calcium gluconate, methocarbamol

Front 21

Antidote for carbon monoxide

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100% O2, hyperbaric O2

Front 22

Antidote for copper, arsenic, lead, gold

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penicillamine

Front 23

Antidote for cyanide

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amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium thiosulfate

Front 24

Antidote for digitalis

Back 24

normalize K+ but avoid giving Ca++, Mg++, or lidocaine (for torsades) antidigitalis Fab

Front 25

Antidote for heparin

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protamine sulfate

Front 26

Antidote for INH

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pyridoxine

Front 27

Antidote for iron salts

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succimer, CaEDTA, dimercaprol

Front 28

Antidote for methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

Back 28

EtOH, fomepizole, dialysis, calcium gluconate for ethylene glycol

Front 29

Antidote for methemoglobin

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methylene blue

Front 30

Antidote for opioids

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naloxone

Front 31

Antidote for salicylates

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urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal

Front 32

Antidote for TCAs

Back 32

sodium bicarbonate for QRS prolongation; diazpema or lorazepam for seizures, cardiac monitor for arrhythmias

Front 33

Antidote for theophylline

Back 33

activated charcoal. Consider repeat doses

Front 34

Antidote for tPA, streptokinase

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aminocaproic acid

Front 35

Antidote for warfarin

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Vitamin K, FFP

Front 36

ACEIs side effects

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cough, rash, proteinuria, angioedema, taste changes, teratogenic effects

Front 37

amantadine side effects

Back 37

ataxia, livedo reticularis

Front 38

aminoglycosides side effects

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ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity (acute tubular necrosis)

Front 39

amiodarone side effects

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acute: AV block, hypotension, bradycardia

Chronic: pulmonary fibrosis, peripheral deposition leading to bluish discoloration, arrhythmias, hypo-/hyperthyroidism, corneal deposition

Front 40

Amphotericin side effects

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fever/rigors, nephrotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, anemia

Front 41

antipsychotics side effects

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sedation, acute dystonic reaction, akathisisa, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, NMS

Front 42

azoles side effects

Back 42

inhibition of P-450 enzymes

Front 43

AZT side effects

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thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia

Front 44

beta-blockers side effects

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asthma exacerbation, masking of hypoglycemia, impotence, bradycardia, AV block, CHF

Front 45

benzodiazepines side effects

Back 45

sedation, dependence, respiratory depression

Front 46

bile acid resins side effects

Back 46

GI upset, malabsorption of vitamins and medications

Front 47

calcium channel blockers side effects

Back 47

peripheral edema, constipation, cardiac depression

Front 48

carbamazepine side effects

Back 48

induction of P-450 enzymes, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, liver toxicity

Front 49

chloramphenicol side effects

Back 49

gray baby syndrome, aplastic anemia

Front 50

cisplatin side effects

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nephrotoxicity, acoustic nerve damage

Front 51

clonidine side effects

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dry mouth, severe rebound HA and HTN

Front 52

clozapine side effects

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agranulocytosis

Front 53

corticosteroids side effects

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mania, hyperglycemia, immunosuppression, bone mineral loss, thinning of skin, easy bruising, myopathy, cataracts (chronic)

Front 54

cyclophosphamide side effects

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myelosuppression, hemorrhagic cystitis

Front 55

digoxin side effects

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GI disturbance, yellow visual changes, arrhythmias (junctional tachycardia, or SVT)

Front 56

doxorubicin side effects

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cardiotoxicity aka cardiomyopathy

Front 57

ethyl alcohol side effects

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renal dysfunction, CNS depression

Front 58

fluoroquinolones side effects

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cartilage damage in kids, achilles tendon rupture in adults

Front 59

furosemide side effects

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ototoxicity, hypokalemia, nephritis, gout

Front 60

Gemfibrozil side effects

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myositis, reversible increase in LFTs

Front 61

halothane side effects

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hepatotoxicity, malignant hyperthermia

Front 62

HCTZ side effects

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hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia

Front 63

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors side effects

Back 63

myositis, reversible increase in LFTs

Front 64

hydralazine side effects

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drug-induced SLE

Front 65

hydroxychloroquine side effects

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retinopathy

Front 66

INH side effects

Back 66

peripheral neuropathy (prevent with pyridoxine / Vitamin B6), hepatotoxicity, inhibition of P-450 enzymes, seizures with overdose, hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

Front 67

MAOIs side effects

Back 67

Hypertensive tyramine reaction, serotonin syndrome (with meperidine)

Front 68

methanol side effects

Back 68

blindness

Front 69

methotrexate side effects

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hepatic fibrosis, pneumonitis, anemia

Front 70

methyldopa side effects

Back 70

+ coombs' test, drug-induced SLE

Front 71

metronidazole side effects

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disulfiram rxn, vestibular dysfunction, metallic taste

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niacin side effects

Back 72

cutaneous flushing

Front 73

nitroglycerin side effects

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hypotension, tachycardia, headache, tolerance

Front 74

penicillamine side effects

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drug-induced SLE

Front 75

penicillin/ beta-lactams side effects

Back 75

hypersensitivity rxns

Front 76

phenytoin side effects

Back 76

nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, arrhythmia (in toxic doses), gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, teratogenic effects

Front 77

prazosin side effects

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first-dose hypotension

Front 78

procainamide side effects

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drug-induced SLE

Front 79

propylthiouracil side effects

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agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia

Front 80

quinidine side effects

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cinchonism (headache, tinnitus), thrombocytopenia, arrhthmias (e.g. torsades de pointes)

Front 81

reserpine side effects

Back 81

depression

Front 82

rifampin side effects

Back 82

induction of P-450 enzymes; orange-red body secretions

Front 83

salicylates side effects

Back 83

fever; hyperventilation with respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis, dehydration, diaphoresis, hemorrhagic gastritis

Front 84

SSRIs side effects

Back 84

anxiety, sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome if taken with MAOIs

Front 85

succinylcholine side effects

Back 85

malignant hyperthermia, hyperkalemia

Front 86

TCAs side effects

Back 86

sedation, coma, anticholinergic effects, seizures, and arrhythmias

Front 87

tetracyclines side effects

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tooth discoloration, photosensitivity, Fanconi's syndrome, GI distress

Front 88

trimethoprim side effects

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megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia

Front 89

valproic acid side effects

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teratogenicity leads to neural tube defects; rare fetal hepatotoxicity

Front 90

vancomycin side effects

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nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, red man syndrome (histamine release NOT AN ALLERGY)

Front 91

vinblastine side effects

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severe myelosuppression

Front 92

vincristine side effects

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peripheral neuropathy, paralytic ileus

Front 93

alcohol withdrawal symptoms

Back 93

tremor (6-12 hours)
Tachycardia, hypertension, agitation, seizures (within 48 hours)
Hallucinations (within 2-7 days) DTs severe autonomic instability leading to tachycardia hypertension delirium and possibly death
mortality is 15-20%

Front 94

alcohol withdrawal treatment

Back 94

benzodiazepines
thiamine
folate
multivitamin replacement

Front 95

barbiturates withdrawal symptoms

Back 95

anxiety, seizures, delirium, tremor, cardiac and respiratory depression

Front 96

barbiturate withdrawal treatment

Back 96

benzodiazpeines

Front 97

benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms

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rebound anxiety, seizures, tremor (like even tongue), insomnia

Front 98

benzo withdrawal tx

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benzos monitor for DTs

Front 99

Cocaine/ amphetamines withdrawal sx

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depression, hyperphagia, hypersomnolence

Front 100

cocaine-amphetamines withdrawal treatment

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supportive tx.
avoid pure beta-blockers as may lead to unopposed alpha activity causing hypertension

Front 101

opioid withdrawal symptoms

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anxiety, insomnia, flu-like symptoms, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, yawning, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea, mydriasis

Front 102

opioid withdrawal treatment

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antiemetics, muscle relaxants, and NSAIDs for mild symptoms
clonidine, buprenorphin, or methadone for moderate to severe symptoms

Front 103

vitamin A deficiency sx

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night blindness, dry skin, weird corneal plaques in kids

Front 104

Vitamin B1 deficiency sx

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thiamine

beriberi (polyneuritis, dilated cardiomyopathy, high output CHF, edema), wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

Front 105

Vitamin B2 deficiency sx

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riboflavin
angular stomatitis, cheilosis, corneal vascularization

Front 106

Vitamin B3 deficiency sx

Back 106

niacin
Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia)

Front 107

Vitamin B5 deficiency sx

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pantothenate
dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

Front 108

Vitamin B6 deficiency sx

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pyridoxine
convulsions, hyperirritability; required during administration of INH

Front 109

Vitamin B12 deficiency sx

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cobalamin
macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia, neurologic symptoms (optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, paresthesias) glossitis

Front 110

Vitamin C deficiency sx

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scurvy: swollen gums, bruising, anemia, poor wound healing

Front 111

Vitamin D deficiency sx

Back 111

rickets in kids (bending bones), osteomalacia in adults (soft bones), hypocalcemic tetany

Front 112

Vitamin E deficiency sx

Back 112

increased fragility of RBCs

Front 113

Vitamin K deficiency sx

Back 113

neonatal hemorrhage; increased PT and aPTT, normal bleeding time

Front 114

biotin deficiency sx

Back 114

dermatitis, enteritis, can be caused by ingestion or raw eggs or antibiotic use

Front 115

folic acid deficiency sx

Back 115

the most common vitamin deficiency in the united states. sprue; macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia without neurologic symptoms

Front 116

magnesium deficiency sx

Back 116

weakness, muscle cramps, exacerbation of hypocalcemic tetany, CNS hyperirritability leading to tremors, choreoathetoid movement

Front 117

selenium deficiency sx

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keshan disease (cardiomyopathy)