Core 2, Lec 1 , Immunology

Front 1

Microbes: Commensal vs Pathogens

Back 1

Commensal: harmless (can even be helpful)
pathogen: harmful to humans

Front 2

Viruses
require what?
Made up of;

Back 2

- require a Host cell to replicate
- DNA/RNA + Protein

Front 3

Bacteria:
Classified how?
Treated with?

Back 3

Classified by how they look.
Antibiotics, but resistance is a problem

Front 4

Fungi.
Eukaryotic or Pro?
Who is susceptible to fungi diseases?

Back 4

Eukaryotic.
The immunocompromized or those with serious diseases.

Front 5

What species from musquitos cause malaria?

Back 5

Plasmodium. (protozoa)

Front 6

Innate Immunity vs Adapted Immunity

Back 6

Innate: Ready to go, rapid. Not particularly specific
Adapted: realm of lymphocytes, very specific but slower to begin. Very important for getting rid of disease

Front 7

The pluripotent hematopoetic stem cell gives rise to two lineages of cells:?

Back 7

Myeloid and Lymphoid Lineage

Front 8

myeloid lineage gives rise to the following cells:

Back 8

platelets, erythrocytes (RBCS), neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, dendritic cells

Front 9

lymphoid lineage gives rise to :

Back 9

t cells, b cells, NK cells, dendritic cells

Front 10

What leukocytes are granular leukocytes? What does granular mean?

Back 10

Basophils, Neutrophils, eosinophils. They have granules inside of them that can be released to attack.

Front 11

Neutrophils
Comprise X% of peripheral blood leukocytes:
Half Life:?
Most effective at killing ...?
How do they kill?

Back 11

60%.
Seven hours
Bacteria.
Phagocytosis and granule release (toxic)

Front 12

Basophils and Mast Cells.
Important for:
Comprise X% of peripheral blood leukocytes:

Back 12

Allergic Reactions
0-1% Very little

Front 13

Eosinophils.
IMportant for what kind of infection:?
Comprise X of peripheral blood leukocytes?

Back 13

Parasitic Infections
0-5%

Front 14

List the agranular leukocytes

Back 14

Monocytes, Dendritic Cells, T cells, B Cells, NK cells

Front 15

What happens to a monocyte when it enters a tissue?

Back 15

Differentiates and Becomes a macrophage.

Front 16

Dendritic Cells are often called "____ Presenting cells"

Back 16

Antigen

Front 17

What do dendritic cells do?

Back 17

They enter tissue and are phagocytic. THey mature and migrate to lymphoid tissue activating antigen specific T-lymphocytes by presenting the antigen.

Front 18

Natural Killer cells are part of which immune syste? Innate or adaptive?

Back 18

Innate

Front 19

NK Cells are activated by?
NK cells attack pathogens by:..

Back 19

IL- 12
Releasing the large granules they contain; spilling out and killing cells

Front 20

Lymphocytes.
FCN:
Two major types based on site of differentiation:

Back 20

FCN: Perform specific immune response
2 types:
T (thymus)
B (Bone marrow)

Front 21

What are some different mechanisms of defense in innate immunity?

Back 21

1. Epithelial Barriers
2. phagocytosis
3. Compliment proteins
4. NK cells

Front 22

What are complement proteins?
two functions?

Back 22

A series of proteins in the blood, made primarily in the liver, that that work as a cascade, helping to destroy bacteria.
1. It coats bacteria with a molecule called C3b and the bacteria gets phagocytosed more easily
2. They also lyse cells

Front 23

What are some defense mechanisms against pathogen entry into the body?

Back 23

epithelial cells of the skin, Mucosa, lysozymes in tears, acid in stomach

Front 24

How do macrophages find and eat bacteria?

Back 24

Macrophages contain many receptors for many bacterial constituents, including:...

Front 25

When a bacteria binds to a macrophage, this initiates a :

Back 25

Inflammatory response through the release of cytokines and lipid mediators of inflammation.

Front 26

Describe the three step process of innate immunity?
Where does the specific response immunity differ?

Back 26

Infection --> Recognition by nonspecific effectors --> Removal of infectious agents

Specific Immunity: Infection --> trasport of antigen to lymphoid tissue --> Recognition by naive B and T cells--> After b and t cells recognize the antigen, they can differentiate and proliferate!

Front 27

Two types of specific/adaptive immunity:

Back 27

humoral( b lymphocytes and Cellular (T lymphocytes)

Front 28

What is humoral immunity?

Back 28

B lymphocytes release antibodies into the blood

Front 29

B and T cells both have ...

Back 29

antigen specific receptors

Front 30

Every B cell circulating in the body has a different, unique...

Back 30

antibody

Front 31

Allelic Exclusion

Back 31

only one antigen specificity per lymphocyte

Front 32

B Cell receptor is called what?
It can recognize what types of molecules?
T cell receptors can only recognize?

Back 32

B cell receptor is called "immunoglobin receptor". It can recognize any carbohydrate or protein.
T cell receptor can not recognize a full foreign antigen. It can only recognize a peptide fragment of another molecule

Front 33

CD8 T cells recognize MHC class X
CD4 recognize class X

Back 33

CD8 - Class 1
CD4- Class 2

Front 34

Clonal Selection:

Back 34

When a naive lymphocyte cell meets up with an antigen--> it proliferates and differentiates

Front 35

Life cycle of an immune cell:
naive cell -->?-->

Back 35

Proliferation/Differentiation --> Effector

Front 36

What is a CD8 cell?

Back 36

Cytotoxic T cell. Will actually recognize and kill a viral cell

Front 37

What is a CD4 cell? There are two types?

Back 37

Also a T cell. th1 and th2.
th1: it can interact with a macrophage and phagocyte and get the macrophage to be activated and kill the bacteria
th1 and th2: can interact with B cells to stimulate production of antibodies

Front 38

How is immune response different when an antigen is introduced for a second time?

Back 38

Immune response is faster and more potent.

Front 39

In order for a lymphocyte to be activated, there needs to be :

Back 39

two signals
1. Recognition of an antigen with the antigen specific receptor
2. MOlecule induced by presence of microbe signaling for proliferation and differentiation