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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What broad categories can you divide movement into?
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Involuntary - Automatic - Flexion - Withdrawal reflex
Voluntary - Conscious control - Voluntary - Reaching Spectrum |
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What is the difference between Declarative and non-Declarative memory?
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Declarative: Factual info, life events EASY FORMED/FORGOTTEN
Non -Declarative: Procedural memory - motor skills - Not available to consciousness - Less easily formed/forgotten |
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What are the two strategies for controlling movements
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Ballisitic
Visual feedback mechanisms |
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What is a ballistic movement?
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Movement based largely on preprogrammed instructions
Rapid but at expense of accuracy So little compensation time Smashing a ball with a limb/racket |
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What is a visual feedback movement?
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Motor command that receives continuous updates according to sensory feedback (e.g. visual)
Highly accurate but slower Modified in progress |
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In practice most movements involve a bit of both
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Agreed
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What are the areas involved in planning and instruction of voluntary movement?
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Prefrontal cortex
AREA 6: SMA + PMA AREA 4: Motor cortex S1: Sensory cortex Area 5&7 |
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How does the basal ganglia communicate within itself?
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Input : PFC
Output: PMA Function: Initiation of movement Planning of complex movement |
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What happens in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease?
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Difficulty in initiating movement (tremor)
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What happens in the basal ganglia in Huntington's disease?
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Random involuntary movements
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Which area of the motor input system rehearses the movement?
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SMA
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Which sensory systems provide information vital to movement?
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Proprioception -SSC
Vision - VC Vestibular - Subcortical |
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Cerebellum
Input: Output: Function: |
Cerebellum
Input: Sensory cortex Output: Primary motor cortex via thalamus Function: Co-ordination and smooth execution of meovements Motor learning, error detection Damage: Cerebellar ataxia = poor coordination |
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What two groups of descending pathways are there?
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Lateral - Corticospinal/rubrospinal
Ventromedial - Vestibulospinal, Reticulospinal, Tectospinal |
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What is the main function of lateral pathways
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Control of voluntary movements of distal limbs
Fine control |
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What is the main function of the Ventromedial pathways?
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Posture control of axial muscles
Synapse on MNs or INs in spinal cord |
