Contemporary World

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is a global free market, cross border policy, and cultural stability. Over the years, globalization has gained many connotations pertaining to progress, development, and integration. On the one hand, some view globalization as a positive phenomenon.

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Globalization

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considered as the General definition because they does not agree on a certain ideology

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Broad and Inclusive

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considered as Personal definition of an individual that does not base on a book or a context.

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Narrow and Exclusive.

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It refers to the international movement of people across borders, either voluntary or involuntary.

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Global Migration

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is a person who is moving from one place to another

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Migrants

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this is a person who is applying for asylum. Usually, asylum seekers have had to flee their home countries and cannot return due to fear of persecution, or even death.

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Asylum seekers

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describes someone who is leaving a country or fleeing, due to things like conflict or natural disaster, or other forms of persecution.

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Refugees

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a person who has voluntarily left their country of origin to seek employment in another country

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Economic migrants

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are based upon the country of originexamples;Wars, conflict, political instability, and economic crisisEthnic and religious persecutionNatural and man-made disasters, such as earthquakesPovertyUnemployment, low wages and poor working conditionsShortages of food, water, or healthcare

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Push Factors

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Another concept about the origin of globalization is the term “hardwired.For example, since people desired to move quicker than horses or wagons, they started to create railroads.

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Hardwired

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is a situation which people go to live in foreign countries, especially in order to find work

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According to Cambridge Dictionary, global migration

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encourage people to leave their points of origin and settle elsewhereexample:high unemployment is a common push factor

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Push Factors

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attract migrants to new areasexample:an abundance of jobs is an effective pull factor

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pull factors

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is a word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information

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Globalization

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The epoch that preceded today's globalization paved the way for people, things, information, and places to harden over time.They have limited mobility The social relationships and objects remained where they were created.Refers to the barriers that prevent or make difficult the movement of things.

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Solid

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Refers to the increasing ease of movement of people, things, information, and places in the contemporary world. These are not fixed

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liquid

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Flow

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It refers to the movement of people, things, places, and information brought by the growing " porosity" of global limitations ( Ritzer 2015)

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Western

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Secular where there is no religion

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Non western

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Who believes in religious in which they associate religion with politics and other activities

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What is globalization

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 The interconnectedness and interdependence among countries

 The exchanging of products, goods and services among countries

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Global piece

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if man believes in God not religion because only God can save us all, no religion can save man

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Homogeneity

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refers to the increasingly sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same economies, and similar forms of government.

- It is often linked to Cultural Imperialism.’

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Cultural imperialism

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given culture influences other cultures.

Example:  The dominant religion in our country is Christianity.

 Americanization defined by Kuisel (1993).

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Mcdonalization

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 involves the global spread of rational systems, such as efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control.

 this process is “extended to other businesses, sectors, and geographic areas”

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Globalization

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 focuses on the imperialistic ambitions of nations, corporations, and organizations to impose themselves on others.

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Heterogeneity

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 pertains to the creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different societies in the world.

 It is associated with Cultural Hybridization.

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Glocalization

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 is the combination of the words “globalization” and “localization” used to describe a product or service that is developed and distributed globally, but is also fashioned to accommodate the user or consumer in a local market.

 it also focuses on the uniqueness and differences within and between areas of the world.

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Cultural differentialism

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 emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentially different and are only superficially affected by global flows.

Example:  Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilization

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Cultural Hybridization

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Approach emphasizes the integration of local and global culture.

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Cultural convergence

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 Increasing similarities between cultures, which is not limited to beliefs, consumer brands, and media.

 Two or more things come together to form new things.

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Globalization

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- Process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide

- Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place.

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Regionalization

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- Regionalization is the process of dividing an area into smaller segments called regions.

- A process of dividing a political entity (typically a country) into smaller regions, and transferring power from the central government to the regions. Example: Free Trade Areas:

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Global stratification

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Refers to the distribution of wealth, power, prestige, resources, and influence among the world's nations. In terms of theeconomy, global stratification refers to the distribution of wealthamongtheworld’snations.

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Modernization theory

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- a sociological approach that seeks to understand the process ofmodernization, and the variables conducive to the development ofsocieties (Knöbl, 2003); - Modernization theory was the dominant approach to globaldevelopmental issues in the 1950s and 1960s, characterized by thesearch for factors that underdeveloped countries lacked, and whichwere presumed to cause their lack of development.

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IBRD

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International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

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OECD

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Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

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OPEC

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Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Counties

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EU

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European Union

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WTO

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World Trade Organization

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GATT

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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

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NAFTA

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North American Free Trade Agreement

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ITO

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Information technology Outsourcing

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WB

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World Bank

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IMF

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International Monetary Fund