Consumer Behavior [Chapter 2]

Front 1

Culture

Back 1

The complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society .

Front 2

Norms

Back 2

The boundaries that culture sets on behavior,

which are simply rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specic situations.

Front 3

Cultural Values

Back 3

beliefs that affirm what is desirable.

Front 4

Sanctions

Back 4

Violation of cultural norms or penalties ranging from mild social disapproval to banishment from the group.

Front 5

Other-oriented values

Back 5

reflect a society’s view of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups within that society.

EX: consumers will look toward others for guidance in purchase decisions and will not respond favorably to promotional appeals to “be an individual.”

Front 6

Environment-oriented values

Back 6

Prescribe a society’s relationship to its economic and technical as well as its physical environment

Front 7

Self-oriented values

Back 7

Reflect the objectives and approaches to life that the individual members of society find desirable

EX: the acceptance and use of credit is very much determined by a society’s position on the value of postponed versus immediate gratifi cation.

Front 8

Power Distance

Back 8

Which refers to the degree to which people accept inequality in power, authority, status, and wealth as natural or inherent in society

Front 9

Instrumental materialism

Back 9

the acquisition of things to enable one to do something. EX: Skis can be acquired to allow one to ski

Front 10

Terminal materialism

Back 10

Is the acquisition of items for the sake of owning the item itself. Ex: Art is generally acquired for the pleasure of owning it rather than as a means to another goal.

Front 11

Verbal Communication Systems (languages)

Back 11

Are immediately obvious to anyone entering a foreign culture.

EX: An American traveling in Britain or Australia will be able to communicate, but differences in pronunciation, timing, and meaning will still occur.

Front 12

Nonverbal communication systems

Back 12

are the arbitrary meanings a culture assigns actions, events, and things other than words.

Front 13

Monochronic time perspective

Back 13

Believing that a person does one thing at a time, we have a strong orientation toward the present and the short-term future.

Front 14

Polychronic time perspective

Back 14

Simultaneous involvement in many activities as natural. Such cultures have an orientation toward the present and the past.

Front 15

Personal space

Back 15

It is the nearest that others can come to you in various situations without your feeling uncomfortable

Front 16

Symbols

Back 16

An American seeing a baby wearing a pink out t would most likely assume the child to be female.

Front 17

Guanxi

Back 17

personal connections/relationships on which an individual can draw to secure resources or advantages when doing business as well as in the course of social life.

Front 18

Etiquette

Back 18

Represents generally accepted ways of behaving in social situations.

Front 19

Demographics

Back 19

Describe a population in terms of its size, structure, and distribution.

Front 20

Size

Back 20

Refers to the number of individuals in the society.

Front 21

Structure

Back 21

describes the society in terms of age, income, education, and occupation.

Front 22

Distribution

Back 22

refers to the physical location of individuals in terms of geographic region and rural, suburban, and urban location.

Front 23

purchasing power parity (PPP)

Back 23

based on the cost of a standard market basket of products bought in each country.