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40 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

What are the states of consciousness?

Primary Awareness- uncontrolled-daydreaming,automatic processing for minimal attention -controlled-focused conscious attention




Self Awareness-metacognition

Explain the circadian rhythym of sleep

Runs on a 24 hour clock but most likely 16-50 hours. The visual cues of the environment give us 24 hours(sun,light etc). "Morning"people are less than 24 hours and "evening" people are more than 24 hours.

Explain the basic rest activity cycle

Day and night cycle of 90 minutes. Regulates bodily activity like digestion and such

What is the psychoanalytical theory of dreaming?

To examine the story for hidden meanings. Dreams represent subconscious/inner desires

What is the manifest content?

The storyline of dreams

What is the latent content?

The symbolic story of desires

Explain the Thematic Apperception Technique

The use of ambiguous pictures presented to a patient for interpretation. It is presumed to the patient will project their inner desires in their interpretation

Freud proposed three levels of consciousness..

Conscious-self aware and rational


Preconscious- accessible to conscious mind


Personal Unconscious-repressed/unacknowledged motives and urges

Jung proposed the fourth level..

Collective Unconscious- a resevoir of ideas and themes that form the world's myths and legends

What are the three levels of dreaming?

Level 1-material from the preconscious mind


Level 2-material from personal conscious, specific to dreamer


Level 3-grand dreams,material from the collective unconscious

What are archetypes?

Common themes/mythological events. Many involve journeys and quests to find oneself



What does transformation/change mean in a dream?

The transformation of the dreamer and opportunities ahead

Unfamiliar Surroundings?

Not yet ready to let go of old ways

Mazes?

The conscious preventing dreamer of reaching the unconscious

Masks?

The self is being obscured/unauthentic

Car losing control?

Anxiety of loss of direction in life

Strange reflections in mirrors?

Identity crisis

Falling?

Anxiety of climbing too high in life

Drowning?

Fear of being overwhelmed by the unconscious

Being chased?

Struggle for integration of our conscious self

Flying?

Representation of our higher self

What is hypnosis?

The act of someone being responsive to suggestion. Not similar to sleep activity

What are the percentages for susceptibility?

10% are susceptible to suggestion, 10-20% are not as susceptible to suggestion and the rest are inbetween

Explain the sociocognitive theory of hypnosis

Behaviours of the susceptible are actions of what the subject thinks is behaviour of hypnotized people

Explain the dissociation theory

Theory that the brain splits into two different streams of awareness. The ice water and arm example

What types of suggestion are there?

Direct-subject is told something (movement related).Body sway test




Indirect-subject is implied something(sensation/perception related). Odor test

What are the stages of the sleep cycle?

Awake-Beta activity(high F and low A)


Drowsy-Alpha (med F and med A)


Stage 1-between sleep and wakefulness,some Theta activity


Stage 2-mostly Theta activity;sleep spindles are bursts of activity; K complexes are large upward followed by large downward.


Stage 3-beginning of deep sleep,starting of Delta activity


Stage 4-mainly of Delta activity, slow wave sleep

Explain REM sleep

Primarily beta and theta activity, stages 1-4 are NREM.


REM and NREM are alternated between 4-6 times a night, each cycle lating about 90 minutes

Explain how the pons and acetylcholine are associated with sleep

The pons contain neurons that release acetylcholine that begins the REM stage of sleep. This is called REM-ON neurons and they activate the cerebral cortex causing dreaming,REM's, and muscle aphasia.



How do REM-ON neurons relate to drugs?

Serotonin secreting neurons usually inhibit the REM-ON neurons however drugs like LSD decrease the serotonin therefore causing the REM-ON neurons to be uninhibited thus leading to hallucinations that are dream like.

Explain psychoactive drugs

Chemical substances that affect the nervous system and behaviour

What are narcotics?

Drugs used to reduce pain. Effects include euphoria,relaxation,nausea,impaired mental and motor functioning

Sedatives/Depressants

Effects include euphoria,relaxation,decreased CNS and motor/thinking impairment

Stimulants

Effects include great euphoria,alertness,restlessness, anxiety,paranoia

Hallucinogens

Effects include euphoria,sensory awareness,distortion of time and reality

Cannabis

Effects include mild euphoria,relaxation,sensory awareness

MDMA

Effects include euphoric,energetic and alert feeling

What is tolerance?

A decrease in a persons responsiveness to a drug

What is physical dependence?

The continuation of drug use to avoid withdrawal

What is psychological dependence?

The continuation of drug to satisfy emotional/mental cravingkmjjjjjjjj