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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the states of consciousness? |
Primary Awareness- uncontrolled-daydreaming,automatic processing for minimal attention -controlled-focused conscious attention Self Awareness-metacognition |
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Explain the circadian rhythym of sleep |
Runs on a 24 hour clock but most likely 16-50 hours. The visual cues of the environment give us 24 hours(sun,light etc). "Morning"people are less than 24 hours and "evening" people are more than 24 hours. |
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Explain the basic rest activity cycle |
Day and night cycle of 90 minutes. Regulates bodily activity like digestion and such |
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What is the psychoanalytical theory of dreaming? |
To examine the story for hidden meanings. Dreams represent subconscious/inner desires |
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What is the manifest content? |
The storyline of dreams |
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What is the latent content? |
The symbolic story of desires |
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Explain the Thematic Apperception Technique |
The use of ambiguous pictures presented to a patient for interpretation. It is presumed to the patient will project their inner desires in their interpretation |
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Freud proposed three levels of consciousness.. |
Conscious-self aware and rational Preconscious- accessible to conscious mind Personal Unconscious-repressed/unacknowledged motives and urges |
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Jung proposed the fourth level.. |
Collective Unconscious- a resevoir of ideas and themes that form the world's myths and legends |
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What are the three levels of dreaming? |
Level 1-material from the preconscious mind Level 2-material from personal conscious, specific to dreamer Level 3-grand dreams,material from the collective unconscious |
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What are archetypes? |
Common themes/mythological events. Many involve journeys and quests to find oneself |
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What does transformation/change mean in a dream? |
The transformation of the dreamer and opportunities ahead |
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Unfamiliar Surroundings? |
Not yet ready to let go of old ways |
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Mazes? |
The conscious preventing dreamer of reaching the unconscious |
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Masks? |
The self is being obscured/unauthentic |
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Car losing control? |
Anxiety of loss of direction in life |
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Strange reflections in mirrors? |
Identity crisis |
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Falling? |
Anxiety of climbing too high in life |
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Drowning? |
Fear of being overwhelmed by the unconscious |
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Being chased? |
Struggle for integration of our conscious self |
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Flying? |
Representation of our higher self |
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What is hypnosis? |
The act of someone being responsive to suggestion. Not similar to sleep activity |
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What are the percentages for susceptibility? |
10% are susceptible to suggestion, 10-20% are not as susceptible to suggestion and the rest are inbetween |
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Explain the sociocognitive theory of hypnosis |
Behaviours of the susceptible are actions of what the subject thinks is behaviour of hypnotized people |
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Explain the dissociation theory |
Theory that the brain splits into two different streams of awareness. The ice water and arm example |
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What types of suggestion are there? |
Direct-subject is told something (movement related).Body sway test Indirect-subject is implied something(sensation/perception related). Odor test |
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What are the stages of the sleep cycle? |
Awake-Beta activity(high F and low A) Drowsy-Alpha (med F and med A) Stage 1-between sleep and wakefulness,some Theta activity Stage 2-mostly Theta activity;sleep spindles are bursts of activity; K complexes are large upward followed by large downward. Stage 3-beginning of deep sleep,starting of Delta activity Stage 4-mainly of Delta activity, slow wave sleep |
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Explain REM sleep |
Primarily beta and theta activity, stages 1-4 are NREM. REM and NREM are alternated between 4-6 times a night, each cycle lating about 90 minutes |
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Explain how the pons and acetylcholine are associated with sleep |
The pons contain neurons that release acetylcholine that begins the REM stage of sleep. This is called REM-ON neurons and they activate the cerebral cortex causing dreaming,REM's, and muscle aphasia. |
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How do REM-ON neurons relate to drugs? |
Serotonin secreting neurons usually inhibit the REM-ON neurons however drugs like LSD decrease the serotonin therefore causing the REM-ON neurons to be uninhibited thus leading to hallucinations that are dream like. |
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Explain psychoactive drugs |
Chemical substances that affect the nervous system and behaviour |
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What are narcotics? |
Drugs used to reduce pain. Effects include euphoria,relaxation,nausea,impaired mental and motor functioning |
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Sedatives/Depressants |
Effects include euphoria,relaxation,decreased CNS and motor/thinking impairment |
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Stimulants |
Effects include great euphoria,alertness,restlessness, anxiety,paranoia |
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Hallucinogens |
Effects include euphoria,sensory awareness,distortion of time and reality |
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Cannabis |
Effects include mild euphoria,relaxation,sensory awareness |
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MDMA |
Effects include euphoric,energetic and alert feeling |
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What is tolerance? |
A decrease in a persons responsiveness to a drug |
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What is physical dependence? |
The continuation of drug use to avoid withdrawal |
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What is psychological dependence? |
The continuation of drug to satisfy emotional/mental cravingkmjjjjjjjj |