Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Congenital heart lesions categorized as |
Cyanotic & Acyanotic |
C&A |
|
|
Defects that allow poorly oxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to be shunted to the left side by passing the lungs |
Cyanotic |
|
|
|
Defects that result in left to right shunting in blood
|
Acyanotic |
|
|
|
Distinct condition related to ASDs present in 20% of the general population |
Patent foramen ovale |
|
|
|
3 atrial septal abnormalities |
-Ostium secundum - ostium primum -sinus venosus |
|
|
|
Persistent opening in the interatrial septum after birth that allows direct communication between left & right ATRIA |
ASD (atrial septal defect) |
|
|
|
Most common site is at the region of the foramen ovale, termed an _____ |
Ostium secundum, ASD |
|
|
|
ASD appears in the ____ portion of the interatrial septum, adjacent to the ____ _____ |
Inferior, AV valves |
|
|
|
Results from the failure of the septum primum to fuse with the endocardial cushions |
Ostium primum |
|
|
|
Represents an “unroofing” defect with absence of normal tissue between the pulmonary veins & the right atrium but is technically not a deficiency of the anatomic atrial septum |
Sinus venosus |
|
|
|
Distinct condition related to ASDs present in 20% of the general population |
Patent foramen ovale |
|
|
|
All shunts are volume overload |
- ASD -VSD -PDA -pfo |
|
|
|
ASD detected by the presence of a |
Murmur |
|
|
|
25% of ASDs are not diagnosed until |
Adulthood |
|
|
|
Common symptoms in adults for ASDs |
- palpitations due to atrial tachyarrythmias resulting from RAE |
|
|
|
The magnitude and direction of shunt flow & an estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure can also be determined by |
Echo Doppler measurements |
|
|
|
Pfo is usually clinically |
Silent |
|
|
|
VSD is an abnormal opening in the |
Interventricular septum |
|
|
|
VSD most often located in the _____ & _______ portion of the septum |
Membranous & muscular |
|
|
|
VSD most often located in the _____ & _______ portion of the septum |
Membranous & muscular |
|
|
|
The defect offers more resistance to flow than the pulmonary or systemic vasculature |
Small VSDs |
|
|
|
Harsh holosystolic murmur that is best heard at the left eternal border Smaller defects tend to have the loudest murmurs because of the great turbulence of flow that they cause |
VSDs |
|
|
|
Vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta during fetal life |
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) |
|
|
|
_____ results when the ductus fails to close after birth, resulting in persistent connection between the great vessels |
PDA |
|
|
|
Machine like murmur |
PDA |
|
|
|
ECG & echo can detect |
PDA |
|
|
|
Caused by abnormal structural development of the valve leaflets |
Congenital Aortic Stenosis |
|
|
|
The aortic valve in congenital AS usually has ______ leaflet instead of the normal three leaflet configuration causing an eccentric stenotic opening through which blood is ejected |
Bicuspid |
|
|
|
Harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur |
Congenital aortic stenosis |
|
|
|
Aka: heart-hand syndrome - autosomal dominant disorder whose characteristic cardiac defects include secundum ASDs & VSDs |
Holt- oram syndrome |
|
|
|
Often result in either volume overload (ASD, VSD, PDA) or pressure overload (AS, pulmonic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta) |
Acyanotic defects |
|
|
|
Most common cyanotic defects |
-tetralogy of fallot -transportation of the great arteries |
|
|
|
Most common site is at the region of the foramen ovale |
Ostium secundum |
|
|
|
In utero pressures are higher on |
Right side |
|
|
|
Volume overloads |
ASD VSD PDA |
|
|
|
Acyonatic direction of shunt is |
Left to right side |
|
|
|
Cyonatic direction of shunt is |
Right to left side |
|
|
|
Congenital heart lesions can be categorized as |
Cyanotic & Acyanotic |
|
|
|
45 XO - associated w/ left sided obstructive congenital heart lesions, including bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta & occasionally hypo plastic left heart syndrome (underdevelopment of the LV & aorta) |
Turner syndrome |
|
|
|
Trisomy 21 - incidence of congenital heart defects is nearly 40% - common abnormalities such as ASDs VDSs PDAs - also a high incidence of a rare condition known as common AV canal, which consists of large primum ASD & VSD & common (undivided) AV valve |
Down syndrome |
|
|
|
Why do you have RAE & RVE? |
ASD right side volume overload |
|
|
|
Second most common site of the foramen ovale |
Ostium primum by the endocardial cushions |
|
|
|
Chronic volume overload resulting from a large left to right shunt can ultimately result in increased pulmonary vascular resistance reversal of the direction shunt flow and subsequent cyanosis |
Eisenmenger syndrome |
|
|
|
Persistent opening in the interatrial septum after birth that allows direct communication between the left and right atria |
ASD |
|
|
|
Consist of a discrete narrowing of the aortic lumen |
Coarctation of the aorta |
|
