Conditionals

Front 1

Clauses introduced by an “if” are known as?

Back 1

Conditionals.

Front 2

Conditionals also known as?

Back 2

If structures. If clauses. If sentences.

Front 3

A conditional comprises?

Back 3

A hypothesis and the result

Front 4

A hypothesis and the result are also known as?

Back 4

A condition and a consequence.

Front 5

When the hypothesis precedes the consequence, the clauses are separated by?

Back 5

A comma.

Front 6

When the consequence precedes the hypothesis, the clauses?

Back 6

Have no separating comma!

Front 7

The types of conditional comprise?

Back 7

Zero, first, second, third and mixed.

Front 8

A zero conditional happens?

Back 8

Anytime.

Front 9

The possibility a zero conditional is?

Back 9

Certain.

Front 10

The structure of a zero conditional is?

Back 10

Hypothesis – consequence.

Front 11

Zero conditionals express?

Back 11

Something that is always true as long as the condition is met.

Front 12

The tense in both clauses of a zero conditional is?

Back 12

Present simple.

Front 13

In zero conditionals, the conditional always?

Back 13

Has the same result.

Front 14

Between “if” and “when” in a zero conditional?

Back 14

There’s no difference.

Front 15

In some cases, “if” in a zero conditional suggests?

Back 15

That something happens less frequently.

Front 16

In some cases, “when” in a zero conditional suggests?

Back 16

That something happens regularly.

Front 17

A first conditional happens?

Back 17

In the future.

Front 18

The possibility of a first conditional is?

Back 18

Possible.

Front 19

A first conditional is used to express what kind of situation?

Back 19

Real or very probable.

Front 20

Other functions of a first conditional may express?

Back 20

Warnings, threats or promises!

Front 21

Generally, the tense of the hypothesis (if-clause) in the first conditional is in?

Back 21

The simple present.

Front 22

Other tenses for the If-clause in a first conditional may include?

Back 22

Present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous.

Front 23

In the main clause of a first conditional, to show something will definitely happen, what is used?

Back 23

“Will/ Be going to” or modal verbs (can, could, may, might, must and should).

Front 24

What other word could be used in the if-clause of a first conditional to show a little more uncertainty?

Back 24

Should.

Front 25

When “should” is used in the main clause of a first conditional, the speaker is expressing his?

Back 25

Opinion or giving advice.

Front 26

In the main clause of a first conditional, a degree of possibility can be expressed depending on the meaning of each?

Back 26

Modal verb.

Front 27

In the main clause of a first conditional, an order/suggestion can be given or request made by?

Back 27

The imperative.

Front 28

Other functions or concepts a first conditional sentence may express, include?

Back 28

Warnings, threats or promises.

Front 29

A second conditional happens?

Back 29

In the future or in the present.

Front 30

The possibility of a second conditional is?

Back 30

Unlikely.

Front 31

Second conditionals are used to express?

Back 31

Imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the present or unlikely to happen in the present or future as the condition is unlikely to be met.

Front 32

Generally, in a second conditional, the tense of the if-clause is?

Back 32

Simple past (subjective).

Front 33

Generally, in a second conditional, the tense of the if-clause is?

Back 33

Simple past (subjective).

Front 34

Generally, in a second conditional, the verb form of the main-clause is?

Back 34

Would + base form (conditional).

Front 35

The structure of a second conditional is?

Back 35

If clause + would + (base form).

Front 36

What is the format of an impossible present (second) conditional statement?

Back 36

“If I were you, I would” + base form.

Front 37

Other combinations of tenses in a second conditional might include?

Back 37

Unreal present (past simple or past continuous) or unlikely future (past simple or past continuous).

Front 38

In unreal present or unlikely future second conditionals, the main clause might include any of the following with the base form verb?

Back 38

Would, could, might, or should.

Front 39

In if-clauses of second conditionals, “were” is used for what subjects?

Back 39

Both singular and plural.

Front 40

The functions of second conditionals include advice, suggestions or recommendations, or the following situations?

Back 40

Imaginary, hypothetical, possible but improbable future, impossible or contrary to fact.

Front 41

When is an impossible present (second) conditional used?

Back 41

To express advice, make recommendations or suggestions.

Front 42

The tense of the if-clause in a third conditional happens?

Back 42

In the past perfect.

Front 43

The main clause of a third conditional is structured as?

Back 43

Would + have + past participle (also called “conditional perfect”).

Front 44

Other verb forms in the third conditional include?

Back 44

Unreal past (past perfect or past perfect continuous) or regret/criticism (past perfect)

Front 45

The possibility of a third conditional is?

Back 45

Impossible.

Front 46

Third conditionals are used to express?

Back 46

Imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the past or to express regrets or criticism

Front 47

By combining the if-clause from one type of conditional with the main clause from another one, you get?

Back 47

A mixed conditional.

Front 48

A future second conditional could be combined with?

Back 48

Either a present second conditional or a past third conditional.

Front 49

A present second conditional could be combined with?

Back 49

Either a future first conditional or a past third conditional.

Front 50

A past third conditional could be combined with?

Back 50

Either a future second conditional or a present second conditional

Front 51

Unless, providing , providing that, so long as, as long as, on condition that, what if, suppose, supposing, otherwise, but for , and, in case are all words or expressions that?

Back 51

Convey a conditional outcome.

Front 52

What happens sometimes to the subject and verb when “if” is omitted with “were, had (past perfect) and should?

Back 52

They are inverted. (e.g. “Had I known, I would”, instead of “If I had known, I would…)

Front 53

Are will, would or should normally used in an if clause?

Back 53

No.

Front 54

When will, would or should are used in an if clause, it is done to?

Back 54

Make a polite request, express insistence or uncertainty (where if means whether).

Front 55

To talk about something that is possible but very unlikely to happen?

Back 55

Should may be used (e.g. If anyone should call, please take a message.)

Hint 55

None

Front 56

In implied conditions, when the if clause is implied but not stated, conditional verbs?

Back 56

Are still used in the consequence clause. (e.g. “I would have gone, but I had to study” as opposed to, “If I didn’t have to study, I would have gone.”)

Front 57

The idea usually following the “as if / as though” sentence is?

Back 57

Not true. (e.g. “He acted as though he had never met me”, means “Actually, he has met me before.”)

Front 58

Other times, the “as if / as though” introduces?

Back 58

A “true” situation or prediction. (e.g. It looks as if it’s very delicious.)