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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dimitri Mendeleev |
chemistry professor
periodic table |
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William Harvey |
English physician
pattern of blood circulation |
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Pseudoscience |
no reproducible test you can imagine that will convince people who believe in these notions that their ideas are incorrect |
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Astrology |
position of objects in the sky at a given time
influence a person's future |
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Physics |
search for the laws that describe the most fundamental aspects of nature |
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Chemistry |
study of atoms in combination |
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Astronomy |
study of stars, planets, and other objects in space |
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Geology |
study of the origin, evolution, and present state of our home, Earth |
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Biology |
study of living systems |
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Ockham's razor |
simplest solution to a problem is most likely to be right |
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Ptolemaic |
Earth sat unmoved in the center of the universe |
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Johannes Kepler |
planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths |
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Tycho Brahe |
position of each star or planet with a quadrant recording each position as two angles |
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Galileo |
sun-centered Copernican model |
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Speed |
distance an object travels divided by the time it takes to travel that distance |
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Velocity |
same numerical value as speed
includes distance |
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velocity of speed (formula) |
(m/s)=distance travled (m)/time of travel(s) |
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Acceleration |
measure of the rate of change of velocity
when an object changes speed or direction |
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Acceleration (formula) |
acceleration (m/s2)=(final velocity-initial velocity)/ time
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Uniform motion |
motion at a constant speed in a speed in a single direction |
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velocity (formula) |
velocity (m/s)=constant(m/s2) x time (s) |
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Distance Traveled (formula) |
distance traveled (m)=1/2 x acceleration(m/s2) x time2 (s2) |
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g |
Earth's gravitational pull |
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The First Law of Motion |
a moving object will continue moving in a straight line at a constant speed, and a stationary object will remain at rest, unless acted on by an unbalanced force |
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The Second Law of Motion |
the acceleration produced on a body by a force is proportional to the magnitude of the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object |
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Force (formula) |
force=mass(kg) x acceleration(m/s2) |
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The Third Law |
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
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momentum (formula) |
momentum(kgxmass)=mass(kg) x velocity(m/s) |
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Law of conservation of conservation of linear motion |
quantity that does not change
the quantity is conserved |
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Torque |
twisting force |
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Angular momentum |
tendency to keep rotating |
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force of gravity (formula) |
force of gravity(newtons)=(G x mass1(kg)) x mass2(kg)/ (distance(m))2 |
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Weight |
force of gravity on an object located at a particular point
depends on where you are |
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Edmond Halley |
compute the orbit of the comet
Halley's Comet |
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Work |
whenever a force is exerted over a distance |
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work (formula) |
work(joules)=force(newtons) x distance(meters) |
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Energy |
ability to do work |
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Power |
amount of work done and the time it takes to do that work |
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power (formula) |
power(watts)=work(joules)/time(seconds) |
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James Watt |
horsepower |
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Kinetic energy |
energy of motion
heavier objects have higher KE
directly proportional to mass |
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kinetic energy(formula) |
kinetic energy(joules)=1/2 x mass(kg) x (speed (m/s))2 |
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Gravitational potential energy (formula) |
PE(joules)=mass(kg) x g(m/s2) x height (m) |
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energy (formula) |
energy(joules)=mass(kg) x (speed of light(m/s))2 |
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Heat |
form of energy that moves from a warmer object to a cooler object
energy in motion
measured in calories |
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Temperature |
compares how vigorously atoms in a substance are moving and colliding in different substances |
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Fahrenheit scale |
32=freezing
212=boiling |
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Celsius scale |
0=freezing
100=boiling |
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Fahrenheit (formula) |
f=(1.8 x C)+32 |
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Celsius (formula) |
C=(F-32)/1.8 |
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Specific heat capacity |
measure of the ability of a material to absorb heat
quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of that material by 1C |
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Conduction |
individual atoms or molecules that are linked together by chemical bonds |
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Thermal conductivity |
ability to transfer heat from one molecule to the next by conduction |
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Convection cell |
regions of rising and sinking water |
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Convection |
transfer of heat by the bulk motion of water itself |
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Radiation |
travel through emptiness of space
travels from the source of heat where it is absorbed and converted into thermal energy of molecules |
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Second law of thermodynamics |
1. heat will not flow spontaneously from a cold to a hot body 2. you cannot construct an engine that does nothing but convert heat to useful work 3. every isolated system becomes more disordered with time |
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Energy |
ability to do work |
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Efficiency |
amount of work you get from an engine
divided by the amount of energy you put into it |
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Efficiency (formula) |
efficiency(percent)=(temp(hot)-temp(cold)) x 100 |
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Ordered system |
a number of objects are positioned in a completely regular and predictable pattern |
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Disordered system |
objects that are randomly situated
no obvious pattern |
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Entropy |
system's state of disorder
Boltzmann
numerical value is related to the number of ways a system can be rearranged |
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Heat death |
all the energy in the universe would eventually be degraded into waste heat and that everything in the universe would eventually come to the same temperature |
