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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Stratification
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Layering of sedimentary rock; results from deposition of materials over time.
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Radiometric dating
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Method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing the relative proportions of parent and daughter radioisotopes in rock samples or fossils.
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Macroevolution
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Large-scale patterns, trends, and rates of change among higher taxa.
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Plate tectonics
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Idea that great slabs (plates) of the Earth’s outer layer float about slowly on the mantle beneath them and have rafted continents to new positions over time.
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Continental drift
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Idea that the continents were once joined and have “drifted” apart
Initially based on the shapes |
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Homologous structures
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Similar body part that occurs in different species as a result of descent from a common ancestor.
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Analogous structures
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Similar body parts in distantly related lineages that arise as a result of similar environmental pressures.
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Biological species concept
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The definition of a species is based on its reproductive isolation.
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Pre-zygotic isolation
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Mating or zygote formation is prevented
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Post-zygotic isolation
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Takes effect after hybrid zygotes form
Zygotes may die early, be weak, or be sterile |
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Allopatric speciation
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Divergences end in speciation after a physical barrier that arises between populations of a species stops gene flow between them.
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Sympatric speciation
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In the absence of a physical barrier, a new species arises within the home range of an existing species.
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Parapatric speciation
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Mode of speciation in which subpopulations of a species that are maintaining contact along a common border evolve into distinct species.
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Gradual model
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Speciation model in which species emerge through many small morphological changes that accumulate over a long time period
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Punctuation model
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Speciation model in which most changes in morphology are compressed into brief period near onset of divergence
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Adaptive radiation
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Burst of diversification from a single lineage; gives rise to new species adapted to specific environmental niches
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Extinction
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Irrevocable loss of a species.
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Domain
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Classification of all species into the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
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Kingdoms
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Classification of all species into the kingdoms Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
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Scientific name
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Binomial system of nomenclature
Devised by Carolus Linnaeus Each species has a two-part Latin name First part is generic (genus) Second part is specific name (species) |
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Phylogeny
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Evolutionary relationships among species, starting with an ancestral form and including branches leading to descendants.
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