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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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computer network
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computers connected together for the purpose of exchanging data
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nodes
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the individual computers on a network
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broadband
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any network that can exceed 256k
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DSL
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uses the same wires that transmit phone data into your house
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WLAN
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wifi
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WWAN
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LTE and cellular service
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authentication
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verifying that you really are the person who has access to the computer
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hash function
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encryption that chops a pasword up and then stirs it around
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authorization
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governs what an authenticated user is allowed to do
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malware
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malicious software
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virus
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computer program that infects a computer and then spreads
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worm
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sends copies of itself to other computers on a network without having to send its file
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trojan horse
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program that seems harmless and does a job, but then secretly attacks your computer
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denial of service attack
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automatically directs brosers on many machines to the same URL at the same time to shut down the site
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cryptography
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science of secret writing
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encryption
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process of using an algorithm to convert information into a representation that cannot be understood without the decryption algorithm
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symmetric encryption algorithm
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requires the use of a system key known to both the user and the sender
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public encryption algorithm
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the encryption key is made public, but the decryption is not
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caesar cipher
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involves shifting every symbol a set distance along the alphabet
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block cipher
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a block of data gets encoded into a block of ciphertext
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DES
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algorithm developed by IBM, and there were concerns that it would eventually break down (64 bits)
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AES
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new encryption standard (128, 192, or 256 bits long)
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SSL
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set of web protocols developed by Netscape
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TLS
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based on SSL, nonproprietary and adopted by Internet Engineering Task Force
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what are the properties of a computing agent?
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accept input
store information and receive it from memory take actions according to instructions produce output |
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Turing Machine
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conceptual tape that extends to infinity
divided into cells, each of which contains a 1, 0, or b |
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generations of languages
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first - machine
second - assembly third - high-level |
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procedural language
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consists of sequences of statements that manipulate data items
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embedded computer
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chips, processors, or computers that are embedded into another system like credit cards
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Church Turing Thesis
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if there exists an algorithm to do a symbol manipulation task, then a Turing machine must be able to do that task
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computability
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that which can be done by symbol manipulation algorithms
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model
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a representation of the system being studied which behaves much like the original
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physical models
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small scale replicas
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computational models
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something that captures the fundamental characteristics and behaviors of a system
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computational steering
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we initialize the system and then if our model is not perfect we build it again
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continuous model
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we write out a system as a continuous function of time t
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stochastic components
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there are parts of the system that display random behavior
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discrete event simulation
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time is not continuous, the only moments modeled are those when an event takes place
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garbage in garbage out
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the results you get out of a model are only as good as what you put in
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scientific visualization
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how to display a large set of data to maximize comprehension
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e-commerce
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when financial transactions are conducted by electronics over the web
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ASP (Application Service Provider)
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someone who designs and hosts your website for a fee
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legacy code
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something that has been around for years
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middleware
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software that allows separate and existing programs to communicate and work together seamlessly
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field
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a group of bytes
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record
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a collection of related fields
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data file
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related records
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database
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related data files
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database management system
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manages the files in a database
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tuple
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a row of a database
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attribute
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each category of information in a database
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primary key
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a combination of attributes that uniquely identifies a tuple
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database projection
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picking out certain attributes that form a set of tuples
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database restriction
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picking out certain tuples that meet certain conditions
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database joining
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matching tuples from different relational tables using common attributes
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entity integrity
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no primary key value, no component of a composite primary key value can be missing
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data integrity
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values for a particular attribute must come from the appropriate category of information in that attribute
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referential integrity
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any value of a foreign key attribute in a given table must match a value in the corresponding primary keys of the related table
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portal
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an entry point webpage that links to others web pages on the same topic
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cookie
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a small text file that the web servers send to the user's browser and gets stored on the user's hard drive
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I/O systems
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allows you to use the input and output devices connected to your computer
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scheduler
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keeps a list of programs ready to run on the processor and selects the one to go next
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Assembly Language
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low level programming language
better than machine language allows the use of symbolic addresses |
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Higher Level Languages
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Python, OAMPLE
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HTTP request message
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sent from the client to the server, specifying the name of the website
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HTTP response message
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returned from the server to the client along the same connection
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frequency test
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with uniformity you expect roughly the same number of digits
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serial test
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frequency test applied to 2 digits at a time
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poker test
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analyze sequences of 5 numbers at a time, based on hands in poker
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gap test
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analyze distances between zeros
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deterministic model
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no randomness is used in developing the model
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static model
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provide a snapshot at a single point in time
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dynamic models
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model changes in response to input signals
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spoofing
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you fake that you are a legitimate site to gain information
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SQL
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a way to search a database using relational algebra
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deliberative strategy for robots
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says robots must have an internal representation of its environment
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reactive strategy for robots
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uses heuristic algorithms to allow the robot to respond directly to stimuli from its environment
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