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179 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Postmodern, Narrative
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White, 2007
Maps of Narrative Practice |
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Postmodern, SFT
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Guterman, 2006
Mastering the art of SFC |
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Postmodern, CDOIT
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Duncan, Miller, and Sparks, 2004
The Heroic Client |
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Postmodern, SFT article
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De Shazer and Berg, 1997
What works? |
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Psychodynamic
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Cashdan, 1988
Object Relations Therapy |
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Systemic Family Therapies, Readings
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Rasheed, Rasheed, and Marley, 2010
Readings in FT |
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Systemic Family Therapies, Faith
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Yarhouse and Sells, 2008
Family Therapies, A Comprehensive Christian Appraisal |
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Research, Design
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Mitchell and Jolley, 2010
Research Design explained |
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Research, Writing
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Heppner and Heppner, 2004
Wriing and Publishing Your |
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Statistics, Tests
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Salkind, 2011
Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics |
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Statistics, Writing
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Heppner and Heppner, 2004
Writing and Publishing Your Thesis, Dissertation |
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Multicultural, Handbook
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Ponterotto, Casas, Suzuki, and Alexander, 2010
Handbook |
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Teaching, Tips
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McKeachie and Svinicki, 2010
McKeachie's Teaching Tips |
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Teaching, Courage
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Palmer, 2007
The Courage to Teach |
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Supervision, Text
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Bernard and Goodyear, 2010
Fundamentals of Clinical Supervision |
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Supervision, Systemic
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Todd and Storm, 2002
The Complete Systemic Supervisor |
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Tests and Assessments, Text
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Neukrug and Fawcett, 2006
Essentials of Testing and Assessment |
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Tests and Assessments, Creative
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Keeney, 2009
The Creative Therapist |
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Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions (8th ed)
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Corey, Corey, and Callahan, 2011, Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions (8th ed)
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Ethics, ACA
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American Counseling Association, 2005
Code of Ethics |
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Sexual Disorders
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Rosenau, 2002
A Celebration of Sex |
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What is a culturally competent counselor and WHO?
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Aware of assumptions, values, and biases, understanding others' worldview, using appropriate interventions, Sue and Sue 2008
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What is isomorphism and what model?, What is isomorphism and what model?
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Role of supervisor-supervisee mirrors role of supervisee-client, systemic
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What are the statuses of Helms for African Americans?,
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Pre-encounter, encounter, immerson, emersion, internalization, integrative awareness
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What are the African American models?
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Cross, Helms, Parham, and MMRI (Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity)
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What are the dimensions of personal identity and who created it?
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A, B, and C, Arredondo and Glauner, 1992
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What is parallel processes and which model?
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Supervisee has unconscious identification with client, psychodynamic
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Who coined the term "reflecting team"?
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Anderson, 1987
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What are Tuckman's stages?
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Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning (1965)
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What supervision model focuses on the characteristics of each person?
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The Holloway Systems Model
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What model employs the "good enough" supervisor concept?
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The Hawkins and Shohet Model
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Who created the discrimination model?
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Bernard, 1979 (it's a supervision model)
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The Loganbill, Hardy, and Delworth model includes...
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supervision model, 3 nonlinear stages: stagnation, confusion, integration
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Ronnestad and Skovholt model includes...
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6 phases: lay helper, beginning student, advanced student, novice professional, experienced professional, senior professional
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What supervision model was created based on interviews with 100 counselors?
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Ronnestad and Skovholt Model
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IDM includes...
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4 levels: supervisee has limited training, tranition out of highly dependent, focus on personalized approach, (3i) personal approach-aware of strengths and weaknesses
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What is IDM?
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Integrated Developmental Model (supervision)
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Who created solution-focused supervision?
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deShazer
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Who created PC supervision?
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Carl Rogers
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Who created psychodynamic superision?
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Frawley-O'Dea and Sarnat
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Who created IDM?
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Stoltenberg, McNeil, and Delworth
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What is a model used with Asian Americans?
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Helms People of Color Racial Identity Model (POC)
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Models for whiteness...
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Hardimen's Model of White Racial Identity Development (1982), Helm's White Identity Dev. Model (1982), Ponterotto's Model for Counselor Trainees (1988)
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What are Cashdan's projective identifications?
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Sexuality, Dependency, Power, and Ingratiation
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Who coined the term "projective identification"?
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Melanie Klein (1946)
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Who is the father of constructivism?
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George Kelly
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Who is behind solution focused brief therapy?
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Miller, deShazer, and Kim Berg
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A solution oriented therapist will use which method most frequently?
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Patient questioning
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What is the model of questions?
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SFBT
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What model believes problems dissolve in dialogue? And who?
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Collaborative, Anderson
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What are the Teaching books?
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Palmer (2007) and McKeachie (2010)
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Are YOU bi-directional or multi-directional?
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Multi-directional because it's a collaborative teaching method.
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Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions (8th ed)
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Corey, Corey, and Callahan, 2011, Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions (8th ed)
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What did a guy named Paul say, and what's his last name?
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Pluralism is all cultures are valuable, not just a thought change but an attitude change, Pedersen (2002)
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What are the chapters of a dissertation?
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Review of Literature, Methodology, Results, Discussion
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What are acculturation strategies and who?
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Integration, Assimilation, Separation/Segregation, Marginalization (Berry)
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What questions are asked in SFBT?
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exception, coping, scaling, miracle, future-oriented, competence/resource
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What will a SFBT therapist say/give?
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feedback, compliments, exclamations, validating statements
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What are the key concepts of narrative therapy?
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social construction, externalization, exceptions
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What is the flow of narrative therapy?
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(Expose dominant discourse-deconstruction) problem naming, externalizing problems, deconstruction, questions about personal preferences
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Who developed narrative therapy?
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Michael White
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What are constructivists concerned with?
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The nuances of the way the individual constructs (hypothesizes) the world
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Main approaches to Christian integration
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separate but equal, tossed salad (equal and mixable), nothing buttery (only Scripture), spoiling the Egyptians, TAN
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Five Ways of Knowing
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Tenacity
Authority A Priori Method Scientific Method Direct Experience |
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Tenacity
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Belief in Truth, belief one firmly adheres to is truth
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Authority
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Higher authority. Stated from a person of higher authority is truth. Higher authority makes it truth.
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A Priori Method
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What agrees with reason makes sense
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Effect Size?
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Effect size is the EFFECT of the independent variable IV on the dependent variable DV
**Require for authors (practical significance) |
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PURPOSES of LITERATURE REVIEW
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1. Delimit the research problem (narrow problem)
2. Leads to new lines of inquiry (has research been done, research overlooked, new lines of inquiry, new study) 3. Helps avoid dead-ends - alerts us to studies that yeilded little conclusions How is research to add to body of literature?) 4. Helps researcher choose methodology |
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TESTABLE RESEARCH QUESTION
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Asks a question about....
-Relationships between two or more contructs -Must be measured or tested |
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FUNCTION OF TESTABLE RESEARCH QUESTION OR HYPOTHESIS?
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-Provide direction for experimental inquiry
-Identifies the topic -Identifies specific constructs |
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RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
3 Categories: Descriptive |
Difference, Relationship,1. Descriptive - What phenomena or events are like (surveys, interviews, inventories)
2. Difference - Differences between or among groups of people or within individual participants (comparison, focus on groups) 3. Relationship - Explore the degree two or more constructs are related (correlation of regression analyses, canonical correlation analysis) - predict correlated conversely |
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IV - Independent Variable
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-Varied or altered or manipulated
-Presumed to cause, effect, or influence the outcome -Usually two or more levels (treatment & no treatment) |
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DV - Dependent Variable
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-Dependent on how the IV's are altered
-Outcome presumably depends on how the IV's are managed or manipulated |
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5 MORAL PRINCIPLES
based on Kitchner's Work |
1) Nonmaleficence - DO NO HARM
2) Beneficence - DO GOOD FOR OTHERS 3) Autonomy - Freedom of choice or action 4) Justice - FAIRNESS (rationale when treating others differently) 5) Fidelity - Faithfulness - Keeps promises or agreements |
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AIM of RESEARCH
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*Extend knowledge bases with accurate, reliable, & usable information
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THREE ELEMENTS FOR ASSESSING RISKS
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-Capacity - Participants ability to process information
-Information - is completely jargon-free -Voluntariness - without coercion |
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ISSUES PROTECTING WELFARE & PARTICIPANTS
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1. Risks & benefits
2. Consent 3. Deception & Debriefing 4. Confidentiality & Privacy 5. Treatment Issues |
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Why is assessing Risks & Benefits important?
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TO alleviate human suffereing
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What is Deception & Debriefing?
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-misinformation or withholding information
-antithetical to fully informing participants -should be avoided |
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How to protect confidentiality & privacy?
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-Protect anonymity or confidentiality of participants
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Research Design?
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is a tool to examine research questions, a set of plans/procedures. The researcher then draws inferences or conclusions about constructs. Never rule out rival hypotheses.
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Experimental Control:
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Parameters under which experiment takes place
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MAXMINCON principle:
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MAXimize the variance of the variables pertaining to the research questions magnitude of effect f IV on DV. MINImize error variance on random variables (like participants). CONtrol variance of extraneous or unwanted variables.
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INTERNAL vs. EXTERNAL validity
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1. Descriptive lab studies have low external and low internal validity.
2. Designed field studies have high external validity and low internal validity 3. Experimental lab studies have low external validity and high internal validity, (makes inferences about causality) 4. Experimental field studies have moderate external and moderate internal validity. |
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DESCRIPTIVE LAB STUDIES
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LOW external, LOW internal validity
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DESIGNED FIELD STUDIES
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HIGH external and LOW internal validity
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EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDIES
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LOW external validity
HIGH internal validity *makes inferences about causality |
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EXPERIMENTAL FIELD STUDIES
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MODERATE external and MODERATE internal validity
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TYPE OF RESEARCH DESIGNS
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1. One Shot pretest / post test design
2. Non- equivalent group post test design 3. Radomized post test only design |
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USEFULNESS OF A RESEARCH DESIGN
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1. Existing knowledge bases pertaining to the spefcific research question
2. Types of research designs used and inferences made to develop existing knowledge bases 3. Resources available to the researcher 4. Specific threats to the validity of the particular design being considered 5. Match or fit between previous research knowledge (factors 1/2), design considered (factors 4), resources (factor 3) |
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TYPES of VALIDITY
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1. Statistical Conclusions
2. Internal Conclusions 3. External Conclusions 4. Construct Validity |
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INTERNAL VALIDITY
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Ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships
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EXTERNAL VALIDITY
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Extent to which the results can be generalized
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CONSTRUCT VALIDITY
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Variables chosen to represent the true hypothetical construct
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TYPE I ERROR
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Incorrectly concluding that a true relationship exists
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Type I errors are pernicious because....
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they result in claims that something is going on when it is not.
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TYPE II ERROR
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incorrectly concluding that there is no relationship
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POWER
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Statistical Power - probablity of correctly deciding there is a true relationship.
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LOW STATISTICAL POWER CAN BE OVERCOME BY....
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increasing the sample size
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POWER REFERS TO....
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The probability of correctly deciding that there is a true relationship, if indeed a true relationship exists.
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STUDIES WITH LOW POWER OFTEN.....
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result in the conclusion that no relationship exist when in fact a true relationship exists.
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INSUFFICIENT POWER MOST OFTEN RESULTS FROM....
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using too few participants.
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THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY
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1. History
2. Maturation 3. Testing 4. Instrumentation 5. Statistical Regression 6. Selection 7. Attrition 8. Interactions with Selections |
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HISTORY
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an event that transpires during the time of the treatment is administered
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Maturation
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normal developmental changes in participants
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Testing
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changes in scores due to repeatedly taking a test
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INSTRUMENTATION
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changes in measuring device
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STATISTICAL REGRESSION
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tendency of scores to regress toward the mean
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SELECTION
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differences in existing groups before a study begins
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ATTRITION
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participants dropping out of a study
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REACTIVE ARRANGEMENTS
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any factor that affects the way the study is conducted. example. HAWTHORNE EFFECT, JOHN HENRY EFFECT, NOVELTY EFFECT
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HAWTHORNE EFFECT
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Participants knowledge of experiment affects participation...for the better
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JOHN HENRY EFFECT
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Participants feel threatened and out perform
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NOVELTY EFFECT
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Increased interest because of different instructions
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FOUR MAJOR VIRTUE ETHICS
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1. PRUDENCE
2. INTEGRITY 3. RESPECTFULNESS 4. BENEVOLENCE |
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PRUDENCE
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use only what is necessary
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INTEGRITY
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pure and truthful as possible
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RESPECTFULNESS
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anonymity of participants
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BENEVOLENCE
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intention to do good
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Name important contributors to Bowen theory
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Murray Bowen
Philip Guerin Thomas Fogarty Michael Kerr Betty Carter Monica McGoldrick |
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Name important contributors to Collaborative theroy
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Harlene Anderson
Harry Goolishian Tom Anderson Lynn Hoffman Peggy Penn |
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Name important contributors to Emotionally Focused theory
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Les Greenberg
Sue Johnson |
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Name important contributors to Experiential theory
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-Carl Whitaker
Gus Napier David Keith -Virginia Satir |
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Name important contributor to Milan theory
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Mara Selvini Palazzoli
Luigi Boscolo Gianfranco Cecchin Guilana Prata influenced by Gregory Bateson |
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Name important contributors to MRI theory
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John, Weakland
Richard, Fish Paul, Watzalwick Don, Jackson Virginia, Satir Influenced by work of Gregory Bateson |
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Name important contributors to Narrative theory
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Founder: Michael White
2nd most influential: David Epston |
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Name important contributors to Solution-focused theory
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Steve de Shazer
Insoo Berg Eve Lipchik Bill O'Hanlon |
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Name important contributors to Strategic theory
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Jay Haley
Cloe Madanes Influenced by Erickson |
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Name important contributors to structural theory
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Salvador Minuchin
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Name important contributors to IFS theory
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Richard Schwartz
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Name Bowenian techniques
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Genogram
"I" Position create therapy triangle to begin detriangulation process question decrease anxiety self differentiation fusion sibling position triangulation multigenerational process emotional cut off |
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Name Collaborative techniques
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No actual techniques only conversations which transforms
Curiosity Conversational Questions Not knowing stance |
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Name Emotionally focused techniques
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Changing Interactional positions
-Withdrawer reengagement -Softening Newer experiential approach |
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Name experiential techniques
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Family art therapy
role playing Being authentic uncover honest emotion anti-theoretical |
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Name Milan techniques
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Hypothesizing
Circularity Neutrality Invariant prescription Rituals Paradox Positive connotation Rituals The Game |
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Name MRI techniques
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Reframe
Paradoxical Intervention – Prescribing the symptom – Restraining Cycle Rules |
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Name Narrative techniques
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Externalizing
Unique outcomes Relative Influence questions Reauthoring Reinforcing the new story Deconstruction Letter writing |
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Name Solution-focused techniques
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Formula first session
Exception question Miracle question Scaling question Compliments |
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Name strategic techniques
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Type of directives:
Paradoxical interventions Ordeals Pretend techniques Metaphoric task interpersonal pay off sequence escalation positive feedback loops Power and control hierarchy |
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Name structural techniques
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Boundary making
enactments re framing hierarchical structure Joining |
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Name IFS techniques
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Balance
harmony synthesis of Multiplicity of the mind (we all contain many different beings) and systems thinking Newer experiential approach |
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Object relations is derivative of___?
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Psychoanalytic and Ego Psychology
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Object relations Focus?
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reciprocal relationship between mother and infant and its effect on infant's development of sense of self
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OR Contributers
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Mahler, Spitz, Bowlby
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OR summary
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Individuals born with drive to develop sense of self and others along with motivation to build interpersonal relationships. Indivdiuals' sense of self and others affects all subsjequent interpersonal relationships.
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OR Assumption
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Psychological life is created through relationships over first three years of life.
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OR First three years of life characterized by?
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establishment of a close symbiotic relationship to a primary caregiver and subsequent dissolution of that relationsihp through separation/differentiation and indivdiuation
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OR Developed by
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Karl Abraham,Klein credited with developing modern theory, particularlyw tih mother as principal object
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Object Relations (OR)
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refers to the way a child's ego becomes organized over first 3 yeras of life. Occurs in three stages
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3 stages of development in object relations
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Autistic, Symbiotic, Separation-Indivdiuation
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Separation-Individuation Substages (OR)
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Differentaition, Practicing, Rapproachment, Object Constancy
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Autstic Stage (OR)
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0-1mo
infant focused on himself, unresponsive to external stimuli |
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Symbiotic (OR)
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1-5mo
infant begins to preceive the 'need-satisfying object'. Mother's ego funcitons for the infant Infant feels unity with mother but begins to udnerstand mother as separate being |
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Separation indivdiuation stage (OR)
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made up of 4 substages
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Differentiation sub stage (OR)
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5-9 mo
infants attention shifts from inwardly to outwardly focused Beings to separate form caretager (e.g. crawling) |
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Practicing substage (OR)
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9-14mo
INfant continues to separate from caretaker. Autonomous ego fucnitons become more apparent Becomes more mobile and active (walking/playing) |
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Rappraochment Substage (OR)
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14-24 mo
Infant begins to want to act indepdnetly. Moves away from mother but comes back regularly to ensure she is still there |
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Object Constancy Substage (OR)
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24 mo and beyond
Infant internalizes mother and begins to understand that mother exists for him despite his absence |
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Name strategic techniques
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Type of directives:
Paradoxical interventions Ordeals Pretend techniques Metaphoric task interpersonal pay off sequence escalation positive feedback loops Power and control hierarchy |
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Name structural techniques
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Boundary making
enactments re framing hierarchical structure Joining |
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Name IFS techniques
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Balance
harmony synthesis of Multiplicity of the mind (we all contain many different beings) and systems thinking Newer experiential approach |
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Object relations is derivative of___?
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Psychoanalytic and Ego Psychology
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Object relations Focus?
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reciprocal relationship between mother and infant and its effect on infant's development of sense of self
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OR Contributers
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Mahler, Spitz, Bowlby
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|
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OR summary
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Individuals born with drive to develop sense of self and others along with motivation to build interpersonal relationships. Indivdiuals' sense of self and others affects all subsjequent interpersonal relationships.
|
|
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OR Assumption
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Psychological life is created through relationships over first three years of life.
|
|
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OR First three years of life characterized by?
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establishment of a close symbiotic relationship to a primary caregiver and subsequent dissolution of that relationsihp through separation/differentiation and indivdiuation
|
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OR Developed by
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Karl Abraham,Klein credited with developing modern theory, particularlyw tih mother as principal object
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Object Relations (OR)
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refers to the way a child's ego becomes organized over first 3 yeras of life. Occurs in three stages
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3 stages of development in object relations
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Autistic, Symbiotic, Separation-Indivdiuation
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Separation-Individuation Substages (OR)
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Differentaition, Practicing, Rapproachment, Object Constancy
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Autstic Stage (OR)
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0-1mo
infant focused on himself, unresponsive to external stimuli |
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Symbiotic (OR)
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1-5mo
infant begins to preceive the 'need-satisfying object'. Mother's ego funcitons for the infant Infant feels unity with mother but begins to udnerstand mother as separate being |
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Separation indivdiuation stage (OR)
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made up of 4 substages
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Differentiation sub stage (OR)
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5-9 mo
infants attention shifts from inwardly to outwardly focused Beings to separate form caretager (e.g. crawling) |
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Practicing substage (OR)
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9-14mo
INfant continues to separate from caretaker. Autonomous ego fucnitons become more apparent Becomes more mobile and active (walking/playing) |
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Rappraochment Substage (OR)
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14-24 mo
Infant begins to want to act indepdnetly. Moves away from mother but comes back regularly to ensure she is still there |
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Object Constancy Substage (OR)
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24 mo and beyond
Infant internalizes mother and begins to understand that mother exists for him despite his absence |
