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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What Army Manual covers first aid for soldiers?
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FM 4-25.11
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What is first aid?
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It's the first care given to injured soldiers before medical personnel are available.
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What are the four life-saving steps of first aid?
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Clear the airway and restore breathing
Stop the bleeding Treat and dress wounds to prevent infection Prevent shock |
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What are the three types of bleeding and how are they recognized?
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*Arterial: Blood is bright red and spurts with heartbeat.
*Venous: Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream. *Capillary: Blood oozes from the wound. |
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How do you stop bleeding?
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1. Apply a field dressing.
2. Apply manual pressure. 3. Elevate the injured limb. 4. Apply a pressure dressing. 5. Apply a tourniquet. |
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Whose first aid dressing should be used on the casualty?
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Use the casualty's bandage.
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When should a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding?
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As a last resort when everything else has failed to stop the bleeding, or when an arm or leg has been cut off.
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What are the four types of burns?
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Electrical, thermal, chemical, and laser.
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What is the single most common cause of airway blockage?
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The tongue.
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Where is a tourniquet applied?
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Around a limb, between the injury and the heart, 2 to 4 inches above the woud. And, never place a tourniquet directly on a joint.
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How tight should a tourniqet be?
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until the bright red bleeding has stopped.
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What must be done to indicate a casualty has a tourniquet?
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Mark the casualty's forehead with a "T" and note the time of application.
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When should you loosen or remove a tourniquet?
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Never
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Define manual pressure?
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Firm pressure on the dressing for 5 to 10 minutes.
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What should be applied if bleeding continues after apllying a field dressing?
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Apply a pressure dressing after manual pressure, and elevation of the injury.
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What are two types of artificial respiration?
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Mouth to mouth
back pressure arm lift method |
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Should a casualty be given water to drink?
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No
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What are signs of shock?
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cool, pale and damp skin (clammy skin)
confusion nausea or vomiting restlessness or nervousness loss of blood thirst fast breathing fainting spells excessive perspiration blotched or bluish skin |
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When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position?
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When there is a head injury
abdominal wound unsplinted fractured leg |
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What is the treatment for shock?
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P.E.L.C.R.N.
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What is the measure for checking the tightness of bandages?
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Two fingers should slip under the bandage.
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What items should never be used as a tourniquet?
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Wire or string.
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What procedure is used to restore heartbeat?
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
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What is P.E.L.C.R.N.?
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Position the casualty on their back
Elevate the Legs Loosen clothing at neck waist or whatever is binding Climatize (prevent too hot or too cold) Reassure (keep the casualty calm) Notify medical personnel |
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What is Self Aid?
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Emergency treatment one applies to oneself
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Name some items that you might use as a splint from your military equipment.
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Bayonet
Rifle Entrenching tool Tent poles and stakes Web belt |
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What is the quickest way to splint a broken leg?
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Tie the broken leg securely to the unbroken leg
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How many pressure points, which can be used to control bleeding with fingers, thumbs or hands are there on the human body?
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11
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What is the object of first aid?
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1. To stop bleeding
2. Overcome shock 3. Relieve pain 4. Prevent infection |
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What is the unique feature if type "O" blood
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It is a universal donor
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When would you not remove a casualties clothing to expose a wound?
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If in a chemical environment of if the clothing is stuck to the wound
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What soldiers are most likely to suffer heat injuries?
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Soldiers not accustomed to the heat, overweight soldiers, prior heat casualties, and soldiers already dehydrated due to alcohol use, diarrhea, or lack of water (insufficient use if)
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How high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding?
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2 to 4 inches
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Name 3 Categories of heat injuries
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1. Heat cramps
2. Heat exhaustion 3. Heat stroke |
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What is the treatment for heat cramps?
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1. Move the casualty to a cool, shady area or improvise shade if none is available.
2. Loosen his clothing (if not in a chemical environment) 3. Have him slowly drink at least one canteen full of water. 4. Seek medical assistance should cramps continue. |
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What are the signs and symptoms of heat cramps?
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1. Cramping in the extremists (arms and legs)
2. Abdominal Cramps (stomach) 3. Excessive Sweating |
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What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion?
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1. Excessive sweating with pale, moist, cool skin
2. Headache 3. Weakness 4. Dizziness 5. Loss if appetite 6. Cramping 7. Nausea (with or without vomiting) 8. Urge to defecate 9. Chills (Gooseflesh) 10. Rapid Breathing 11. Tingling of hands/feet 12. Confusion |
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What would the treatment be for heat exhaustion?
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1. Move the casualty to a cool, shady area or improvise shade if none is available.
2. Loosen or remove his clothing and boots (unless in a chemical environment); pour water on him and fan him. 3. Have him slowly drink at least one canteen of water. 4. Elevate his legs. 5. If possible, the casualty should not participate in strenuous activity for the remainder of the day. 6. Monitor the casualty until the symptoms are gone, or medical assistance arrives. |
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What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke?
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1. Skin is red, hot and dry
2. Weakness 3. Dizziness 4. Confusion 5. Headaches 6. Seizures 7. Nausea 8. Stomach pains or cramps 9. Respiration and pulse may be rapid and weak. 10. Unconsciousness and collapse may occur suddenly |
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What would the treatment be for heat stroke?
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Cool casualty immediately by—
1. Moving him to a cool, shady area or improvising shade if none is available. 2. Loosening or removing his clothing (except in a chemical environment). 3. Spraying or pouring water on him; fanning him to permit the coolant effect of evaporation. 4. Massaging his extremities and skin, which increases the blood flow to those body areas, thus aiding the cooling process. 5. Elevating his legs. 6. Having him slowly drink at least one canteen full of water if he is conscious. 7. Seek medical assistance immediately |
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If a casualty were suspected of having a neck/spinal injury or severe head trauma, which method would you use
for opening an airway? |
The jaw thrust technique, because in most cases it can be done without extending the neck
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What are two basic types of fractures?
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1. Open (compound)
2. Closed (simple) |
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What are some signs of an open fracture?
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Bleeding.
Bones sticking through the skin. Check for pulse. |
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What are some signs of a closed fracture?
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Swelling.
Discoloration. Deformity. Unusual body position. Check for pulse |
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With an open fracture, what should you do first?
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Stop the bleeding
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What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?
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"Splint them where they lie"
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Name 4 common points for checking pulse
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1. Carotid- The side of the neck
2. Femoral- The groin 3. Radial- The wrist 4. Posterial Tibial- Ankle |
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What is a heat injury?
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A loss of water and salt, loss of sweat while personnel work in the heat, a general dehydration of the body
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What is the greatest preventive measure for disease?
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Cleanliness
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When can measures taken to restore breathing in an individual be discontinued?
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When a doctor tells you to stop
When others relieve you When you cannot physically continue When the casualty starts to breath on his own |
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What is AIDS?
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AIDS is the end stage of the HIV infection. At this point, the virus has attacked and weakened a person's immune
system |
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What do the letters AIDS stand for?
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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What should you do prior to leaving an unconscious casualty?
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Turn their head to the side to prevent them from choking on their own vomit
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What does COLD stand for?
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It is a key word in cold weather protection, it stands for Keep it CLEAN, Avoid OVERHEATING, Wear it LOOSE
and in layers and Keep it DRY |
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What are the 8 steps in evaluating a casualty?
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Check for:
Responsiveness Breathing Pulse Bleeding Shock Fractures Burns Possible concussions (head injuries) |
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What is the first indication of frostbite?
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Skin becomes numb and white particles/patches form on it
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What do you do to treat frostbite?
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Remove clothing from the affected area, warm with body heat, dress the area and seek additional medical help
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When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound?
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As the individual breathes out
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How should you position a casualty with an open abdominal wound?
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On his back with his knees up to relieve abdominal pressure
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What do you do with exposed abdominal organs?
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Wrap them in dry clean material and place on top of the abdomen (never try to put them back in)
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How do you take the Carotid pulse?
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Carotid pulse. To check the carotid pulse, feel for a pulse on the side of the casualty’s neck closest to you. This is done
by placing the tips of your first two fingers beside his Adam’s apple. |
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In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the two-man methods?
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Two-Man Support Carry
Two-Man Arms Carry Two-Man Fore-and Aft-Carry Four-Hand Seat Carry Two-Hand Seat Carry |
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In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the one-man methods?
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Fireman's carry
Supporting carry Arms Carry Saddleback carry Pack-strap carry Pistol belt carry Pistol belt drag Neck drag LBE Carry Using Bearers LBE LBE Carry UsingCasualty’s LBE Cradle Drop Drag |
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Should you put any medication or cream on a burn?
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No
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Name the four types of burns
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1. Thermal
2. Electrical 3. Chemical 4. Laser |
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What is the primary objective in the treatment of burns?
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Lessen or prevent shock and infection
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What are the three categories used in medical evacuation?
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1. Urgent- within 2 hours
2. Priority- within 4 hours 3. Routine- within 24 hours |
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What is the first aid procedure for a white phosphorous casualty?
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Smother the flame by submerging the affected area in water or pack with mud. Then remove the particles by brushing or picking them out
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What is the first step in the first aid of a burn victim?
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Remove the casualty from the source of the burn
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What are the 2 prescribed methods for opening an airway?
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1. The jaw thrust
2. Head tilt/chin lift methods |
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What is the major cause of tooth decay and gum disease?
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Dental plaque
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What are the 9 mild symptoms of nerve agent poisoning?
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1. Unexplained runny nose
2. Unexplained headache 3. Sudden drooling 4. Difficulty seeing (dimness of vision and miosis) 5. Tightness in the chest or difficulty in breathing 6. Localized sweating and muscular twitching in the area of contaminated skin 7. Stomach cramps 8. Nausea 9. Tachycardia followed by bradycardia (Tachycardia is an abnormally rapid heartbeat wth a heart rate of over 100 beats per minute. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute) |
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What are the 11 severe symptoms of nerve agent poisoning?
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1. Strange or confused behavior.
2. Wheezing, dyspnea (difficulty in breathing), and coughing. 3. Severely pinpointed pupils. 4. Red eyes with tearing. 5. Vomiting. 6. Severe muscular twitching and general weakness. 7. Involuntary urination and defecation. 8. Convulsions. 9. Unconsciousness. 10. Respiratory failure. 11. Bradycardia |
