First Aid

Front 1

Emergency action principles for adults

Back 1

Surveying the scene

Activate medical assistance

Do Primary survey

Do Secondary survey

Front 2

Emergency action principles for children

Back 2

Surveying the sceneDo Primary survey

Activate medical assistanceDo Secondary survey

Front 3

Primary survey steps

Back 3

Circulation

Airway

Breathing

Front 4

Secondary survey

Back 4

Signs and symptoms

Allergies

Medications

Past medical history

Last oral intake

Event prior to episode

Front 5

Head-to-toe examination

Back 5

Deformity

Contusion

Abrasion

Punctures

Burns

Tenderness

Lacerations

Swelling

Front 6

Checking for pupils

Back 6

Pupils

Equal

Round

React to

Light

Accomodation

Front 7

Factors contibute to shock

Back 7

Pain

Rough handling

Improper transfer

Continuous bleeding

Exposure to extreme cold &heat

Fatigue

Front 8

3 Basic causes of shock

Back 8

Pump failure

Hypovolemia

Vasodilation

Front 9

3 dangers of shock

Back 9

Lead to death

Predispose body to infection

Lead to loss of body part

Front 10

3 first aid management of shock

Back 10

1. Proper body position

2. Proper body heat

3. Proper transfer

Front 11

7 forms of shock

Back 11

1. Anaphylactic

2. Cardiogenic

3. Hypovolemic

4. Metabollic

5. Neurogenic

6. Psychogenic

7. Septic

Front 12

2 types of wound

Back 12

Open

Closed

Front 13

Involves underlying tissue without breakage or damage in the skin or mucous membrane

Back 13

Closed wound

Front 14

A break in the skin or mucous membrane

Back 14

Open wound

Front 15

First aid management of closed wound

Back 15

Ice application

Compression

Elevation

Rest

Splint the affected area

Front 16

3 kinds of bleeding

Back 16

Arterial bleeding

Venous bleeding

Capillary bleeding

Front 17

5 kinds of open wound

Back 17

Abrasion

Punctured wound

Laceration

Incision

Avulsion

Front 18

Caused by friction and rough surface

Back 18

Abrasion

Front 19

Caused by pointed object

Back 19

Punctured

Front 20

Torned and irregular edges

Back 20

Laceration

Front 21

Caused by blunt objects

Back 21

Laceration

Front 22

Caused by sharp objects

Back 22

Incision

Front 23

Caused by forceful tearing of body part

Back 23

Avulsion

Front 24

First aid for open wounds

Back 24

Control bleeding

Cover with dressing and secure with a bandage

Care for shock

Consult or refer to physician

Front 25

An injury involving skin, including muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels

Back 25

Burns

Front 26

3 types of burns

Back 26

Thermal

Electrical

Chemical

Front 27

4 factors to determine seriousness of burns

Back 27

1. Depth

2. The extent to the affected body surface area

3. Location of burns

4. Victim's age and medical condition

Front 28

3 depths of burns

Back 28

1. Superficial (first degree)

2. Partial thickness (second degree)

3. Full thickness (third degree)

Front 29

Care for superficial burns

Back 29

1. Relieve pain by immersing the burned area in cold water or by applying wet cold cloth

2. Cover with dry, non-sticking dressing or clean cloth

Front 30

Care for full thickness burns

Back 30

1. Cover with dry, non-sticking, sterile dressing or clean cloth

2. Treat victim for shock

Front 31

Care for scald burns

Back 31

1. Cover with a cool, moist, sterile dressing

2. Do not apply ointment, grease or butter to the scalded area

3. Transport the patient to the hospital

Front 32

Care for chemical burns

Back 32

1. Immediately remove chemical

2. Remove contaminated clothing

3. Flush for 20 mins longer

4. Cover area with dry dressing

5. Seek medical attention

Front 33

Care for electrical burns

Back 33

1. Make sure the area is safe

2. Unplug, disconnect, or turn off the power

3. Check the CAB

4. Check spine injure, if victim fell

5. Treat for shock

6. Seek medical attention immediately

Front 34

3 guidelines in using dressing and bandages

Back 34

1. Use a dressing that is large enough to extend beyond the edges of wounds

2. A bandage should fit snugly

3. Bandaging techniques

Front 35

7 specific body injuries

Back 35

Eye injuries

Nose injuries

Dental injuries

Impaled objects

Amputations

Sucking chest wound

Abdominal injuries

Front 36

6 open phase bandaging

Back 36

Head

Face (back of head)

Chest (back of chest)

Hand, foot

Arm sling

Under arm sling

Front 37

7 cravat phase

Back 37

Forehead (eye, neck)

Ear, cheek, jaw

Arm, leg

Palm pressure (open/close)

Elbow, knee (straight/bend)

Shoulder, hip

Sprained ankle (with or wo shoe)