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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 6 major components of food? |
carbohydrates fats/lipids protein water minerals vitamins |
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what is a diet called that contains the right proportions of all components? |
a complete or balanced diet |
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what are carbohydrates? |
sugar |
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what are the two carbohydrates |
simple and complex sugars |
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what are the simple surgars |
glucose, fructose (fruit), sucrose (honey), lactose (milk) |
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what is the simplest sugar and why |
glucose as it dissolves easily and it is the body's mail fuel |
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what is a simple sugar molecule? |
monosaccharide -juice -broken fruit -cakes e.g. glucose (not bonded, single units) |
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what is a simple double sugar molecule? |
Disaccharide -fruits e.g. sucrose |
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what is a complex or multi-sugar molecule? |
Polysaccharide -potato -beans e.g. starch (hardest to break down) |
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where is starch found? |
bread, pasta, rice, cereals |
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is cooked starch easier or harder to digest |
easier |
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what is cellulose? |
a carbohydrate that forms the tough cell wall in plants |
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can humans digest cellulose? why? |
no, we do not have the necessary enzymes |
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what is cellulose useful for? |
dietary fibre which helps keep ht e food moving along the gut -prevents constipation -prevents bowel cancer |
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which foods contain fibre? |
wholemeal foods, fruit and veggies |
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what do organisms use lipids for? |
energy storage molecules |
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what do stored lipids do? |
provide insulation and are a part of the cell membrane |
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what are lipids formed from? |
glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
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what are some animal fats? |
butter, lard, dripping |
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are animal fats solid at room temperature? |
yes |
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what are some plant oils? |
olive, sunflower, canola, peanut and corn |
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are plant oils solid at room temperature? |
no, they are liquid expect for margarine which has chemicals in it |
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are plant cells mainly saturated fats? |
no |
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are animal cells mainly saturated fats? |
yes |
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how many different proteins are there? |
1000s |
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what are proteins made of? |
a unique code of smaller amino acids linked together by peptide bonds |
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where are proteins found? |
red meats |
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how long can someone survive without water |
only a few days |
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a large portion of food is water. true or false? |
true |
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is water considered a nutrient? |
no |
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how many minerals should someone eat? |
very small amounts |
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what are minerals good for? |
enzyme function, iron in the blood, hormones and calcium in the bones |
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where is sodium found? |
salt |
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what does sodium do? |
helps muscles contract, helps nerves transmit messages |
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how does someone loose salt? |
when they sweat |
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what can too much salt do? |
increase blood pressure |
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what does fluorine do? |
prevents tooth decay |
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where is fluorine found? |
toothpaste, drinking water |
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what is calcium used for |
hardens bones, helps muscles comtract |
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where is calcium found? |
milk, cheese and fish |
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where is phosphorus found? |
DNA |
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what does phosphorus do? |
makes up cell membranes |
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what does iron do?
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assists hemoglobin carry oxygen around the body |
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which foods is iron in?
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livers and kidneys |
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where is iodine found? |
seafood and drinking water |
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what does iodine do? |
needed for making the hormone thyroxine which speeds up chemical reactions in the body |
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where are vitamins made? |
mainly by plants |
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how can one eat vitamins |
tablets |
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what do vitamins do? |
help enzyme action |
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what does a lack of vitamins do? |
cause diseases |
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what does vitamin A do? |
helps protect eyes and helps keep night vision |
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where can one get vitamin A |
fish oils, carrots, capsicum and mago |
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what does vitamin B do? |
assists energy production processes |
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where is vitamin B found? |
liver, meats, fish, yeasts, cereals, rice, leafy veggies and eggs |
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what does vitamin C do? |
keeps skin surfaces healthy |
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where can one find vitamin c? |
green veggies and citrus fruit |
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what does vitamin D do? |
assists calcium to harden bones |
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where can one find vitamin D? |
fish liver oil, sunlight |
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where can one find vitamin E? |
milk, egg yolk, lettuce |
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where can one find vitamin K? |
spinach |
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what does vitamin K do? |
helps blood to clot |
