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195 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Multimedia is... |
Everything you can see or hear, a combination of moving and still pictures, sound, music, and words, especially in computers or entertainment |
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Most Internet Users |
China |
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Least Internet Users |
Oceana/Australia |
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1969 - Network Technology introduced... |
Arpanet, Advance Research Projects Agency Network, 1st packet switching network and the predecessor to the Internet |
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1993 the 1st... |
graphical browser is born (allowing us to see web pages containing images, called Mosaic by Marc Andeerssen, Erin Brina, and Tim Clark) |
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1998... |
Google Search Engine is founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin |
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When was the 1st motion picture ever recorded? |
between 1880 and 1890 |
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What was the first full length movie with synchronized dialogue? |
The Jazz Singer (1927) |
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First full length movie to use colour? |
The Wizard of Oz |
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What was the name of the predecessor to the Internet? |
Arpanet (1962-1969) |
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Who invented the World Wide Web? |
Tim Berners-Lee |
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What was the very first graphical browser for the World Wide Web |
Mosaic |
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What was the 1st band to ever give a concert over the Internet |
the Rolling Stones |
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What was the 1st full length feature film that was entirely computer generated? |
Toy Story |
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What application revolutionized the music industry in 1999? |
Napster |
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When did digital cameras become affordable to the public? |
1996 |
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Kerning |
the space between adjacent characters |
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Tracking |
adjusting the distance between all the letters |
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Leading |
the vertical space between lines of text |
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Serif |
tails |
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Sans Serif |
without tails (good for headings) |
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Pixel (px) |
measurement for text and images for the web monitor, the smallest component of an image or picture |
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Point (pt) |
a linear unit measuring size of text in a word processing doc, are a print unit of measurement (ex. 72 pt = 1 inch, 1 pt = 1/72 inch) |
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#FF0000 |
Red |
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#00FF00 |
Pastel Green |
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#0000FF |
Light Blue |
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#000000 |
Black |
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#FFFFFF |
White |
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Western Purple is... |
#660099 |
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Name the 4 things to watch for when doing any design |
contrast, repetition, alignment, proximity |
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Name 5 components that make up multimedia |
text, images, sound, video, animation |
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What measurement would you use for text in creating a Word doc |
Points (pt) |
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Name 3 relevant events in the history of multimedia |
Mosaic, Rolling Stones Broadcast, Napster |
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What type of font is this |
Serif (courier new) |
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Computers "speak"... |
Binary (digits 0 and 1) |
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Digitization is... |
process of translating a piece of information (text, image, sound, etc) into binary bits (binary digit) |
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High Volt |
ON = 1 |
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Low Volt |
OFF = 0 |
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1 bit allows for (blank) colours |
2 colours, the more bits the more colours available to assign to a pixel (2x = y values {x-bits}) |
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Sampling |
how often you take a sample (measurement) to represent the "thing", how many parts you break the thing into |
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Quantizing |
how many discrete values you will use to represent "each part" (pixel) of the thing |
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How are Colours coded |
each pixel is given numerical value that represents the corresponding colour |
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Color Models Used for Web |
Additive Model (RGB), brighter than CMYK, each pixel is represented by 3 values i.e. White = <255, 255, 255,> or Black = <0,0,0> |
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Color Models Used for Print |
Subtractive Model (CYMK), aka cyan, magenta, yellow, and black |
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"True Colour" |
uses 24 bit colour representation |
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Approximately how many colours can the human eye detect? |
About 10 million |
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Types of Graphic |
BITMAP or VECTOR |
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Bitmap graphics |
made up of small squares called pixels, smaller to larger = distortion, larger to smaller = no distortion, cannot change to vector |
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Vector Graphics |
represented with lines and arcs that have a mathematical relationship, no distortion, smaller save file, can change to bitmap |
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Increasing resolution and bits = |
Larger file size and better quality |
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How many things can you represent with a 5 bit depth? |
32 values (2 to the power of 5) |
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What is the smallest value that you should set the dpi for an image that you plan to print? |
sampling (how many pieces), quantize (bit depth)????? |
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What bit depth do you need to represent a black and white image? |
1 bit depth (2 to the power of 1) |
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.GIF properties |
Graphics Interchange Format, smaller file sizes and a max of 256 colour, no sound in files/animation, .gif has large areas of solid, flat color |
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.JPG or .JPEG |
Joint Photographic Experts Group, larger file sizes but full colour scheme, .jpg distorts edges where there is sharp colour |
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Lossless Compression |
compress the original bits and bytes into less bits and bytes without losing any of the original information about the image (.GIF quality is kept) |
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Lossy Compression |
when compression occurs, some of the original information is lost, discards select portions (.JPG/JPEG quality degrades) |
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Dithering Technique |
lowers download time, applies to converting .jpg to .gif, reduces to 256 colours or less, final stored image is .gif |
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Dithering Definition |
Juxtaposing pixels of two colours to create the illusion that a third colour is present (grainy look) |
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Web safe palettes |
dithering allows a grainy affect, does not increase file size |
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Interlacing Technique |
interlacing (.gif), progressive (.jpg), how images are downloaded to your screen, a process by which the image is drawn in a series of passes rather than all at the same time |
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Transparency (applies to .gif files) |
allows the page background to display through the image so the image appears to have no visible border around it, allows for transparency of ONE colour, currently only supported by .png or .gif |
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how big will an image be in terms of bytes if it is uncompressed, true colour and 200 by 400 bytes? |
200 x 400 = 80, 000 bytes |
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what type of compression doesn't lose any of the original data? |
a: Lossless compression |
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which type(s) of file formats perform a lossless compression? |
.gif and .png |
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JPGs will produce a smaller file size than PNG 24 for a photograph: True or False |
True: .png 24 is lossless (no discard) |
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Formula |
physical image size if dependant on Print Size Dimensions (in inches) = pixel dimensions/print resolution |
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Digital Images by Camera |
1, 000, 000 pixels = 1 Megapixel |
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Higher Resolution |
1600 x 1200, everything appears smaller, cover portion of desktop, text harder to read (smaller) |
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Lower Resolution |
1024 x 768, everything appears larger, page takes up entire area, text easier to read (larger) |
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What should you set the dpi for an image you wish to print? |
set printer resolution at 300 dpi, set printer resolution to 300-ppi (dpi) since you can reasonable 4x6 |
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if you have an image that is 400 pixels by 600 pixels and the printer resolution is 200dpi, what size will it print at? |
Formula is (pixels > inches) Print Size Dimensions (in inches) = pixel dimensions/print resolution 400px / 200dpi = 2 inches 600px / 200dpi = 3 inches image size: 2 inches x 3 inches |
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if you want to print an image at 5" by 7", what is the minimum size it must be in pixels for it not to look pixelated |
Assumption: best to use printer resolution 300dpi Formula is (inches > pixels) Print Size Dimensions (in Pixels) = inch dimensions x print resolution 5 inches x 300dpi = 1500 pixels 7 inches x 300dpi = 2100 pixels image size: 1500 pixels x 2100 pixels |
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if I have an image that is 600 pixels by 900 pixels and I print it at a resolution of 150 dpi, how big will the image be? |
Formula is (pixels > inches) Print Size Dimensions (in inches) = pixel dimensions/print resolution 600px / 150dpi = 4inches 900px / 150dpi = 6inches image size : 4 inches x 6 inches |
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Network |
a group of interconnected computers (could be connected with wires. wirelessly, satellites) |
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Protocol |
a group of rules that both computers adhere to in order to communicate Internet is not how the software works, but specifically about the hardware |
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IP Addresses |
have their own set of notation, 4 sets of numbers separated by dots, each number ranges from 0 to 255 (i.e. 192.102.249.3) |
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IP Adressess: Dotted Quad |
Most Common: 129.100.23.247 |
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IP Adressess: Binary |
10000001 01100100 00010111 11110111 (32 bits = 4 bytes) |
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IP Adressess: Hexadecimal |
81 64 17 F7 |
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IP Adressess: Decimal |
2, 170, 820, 599 |
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Domain Name? |
text name corresponding to the numeric IP address of a computer on the Internet |
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URL |
Uniform Resource Locator, Tim Berners Lee established the URL designation |
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Uptime |
computer is operational |
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Downtime |
when the computer is not |
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What are the chunks of data that are sent over the internet called? |
Packets or datagrams |
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True or False, the internet and the WWW are the same thing? |
False (Internet=hardware, www=software) |
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Give an example of a valid IP address |
0.0.255.255 (each set between 0 and 255) |
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true or false, www.csd.uwo.ca/courses is a domain name? |
false (the domain name is uwo.ca) |
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www.homer.simpson.com is a valid domain name true/false |
false (the domain name is simpson.com) |
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Give 3 valid TLDs |
.com, .ca, .org |
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Zack&Cody.Love.You.2.com is a valid domain name, true/false |
false (& and periods) |
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what is a message (a webpage or an email message or a file) on the Internet broken down into before it is sent over the net |
it is broken down into packets or datagrams |
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Are the following IP Addresses valid? 1. 1.1.1.1 |
Valid |
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Are the following IP Addresses valid? 2. 126.265.12.10 |
2. Invalid |
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Are the following IP Addresses valid? 3. 129.129.129 |
3. Invalid |
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Design Strategies |
1. KISS Principle (keep it simple and stupid) 2. Consistency 3. Colour 4. Balance 5. Easy to Navigate |
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Web Page |
HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language computer instructions used to create web pages |
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Web Site |
collection of web pages created and maintained by an organization/individual |
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Web Server |
a computer that stores web pages, and makes them available for people to see on the internet |
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Web Browser |
program that allows you to view the Internet Ie. (PC) Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape, Chrome (Mac) Safari, Camino |
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First Page on a Website must be called... |
index.html |
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Paragraph Break |
leaves a blank line between lines (HTML tag) Press
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Line Break |
no space between lines (HTML tag) Press |
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Lower Download Times |
use smaller sized graphics resize a larger image in graphics pkg rather Dreamweaver Any resizing you do within Dreamweaver will not affect the download speed Optimize: colour resolution, compression, will affect quality and size |
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Name the 5 types of links |
1. Internal link 2. external website 3. email 4. image link 5. anchors/bookmarks 6. hotspots |
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How many MAX clicks should it take a user to get to any page from the home page? |
Three clicks |
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What is the maximum time a webpage with graphics should take to download for a user with a 56k modem? |
30-35 seconds |
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Which of the following is a tag a) b) (title) c) [title] |
the answer is a) |
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What 4 pieces of info do you need from a web host when publishing your website |
host name, username, password, URL or Webpage address |
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What two types of basic searches can you perform on the WWW? |
Directory (galaxy, qango) or Search Engine (google, yahoo) |
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Title-Tag (Property Title) |
the most important text by all search engines, is what is shown as the link for all returned results, is what is shown when people bookmark your site |
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Popularity |
link popularity - quantity: getting many links to your site - quality: popular websites that link yo you |
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Hits for a Website |
90,000 hits a month? - a hit is not a visitor to the site it is the number of graphics on a page + the page itself - if a webpage has 89 small graphics every visitor to the site registers as 90 hits (89 graphics + 1 html file) |
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1990 the first tool for searching the internet was called... |
"Archie" short for archives |
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1991 (blank) is a distributed document (shared by computers) search and retrieval network protocol designed for the Internet |
Gopher |
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What is the PageRank algorithm? |
googles algorithm to decide what order to present the page |
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What is the name of the most popular search directory web site? |
Yahoo |
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Name the most popular search engine website |
Google - 77% |
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What are the 3 components you must address to get your page a higher ranking? |
Text, Links, Popularity |
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Who started Yahoo |
David Filo and Jerry Yang |
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Who started Google |
Larry Page Sergey Brin |
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Name one search tool that predates Google and Yahoo |
Archie (1990) or Gopher (1991)
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Which will rank you higher with Page Rank, having 1 link to your site from wikipedia, or having 3 links to your site from UWO |
Wikipedia |
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if you want a table in your webpage to automatically resize as the user resizes the window, then you should define it in terms of pixels not percentages true/false |
False, you should you percentages |
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Types of Video |
Analog: smooth electronic ex. conventional tv Digital: each frame is a bitmapped graphic, stored as 0s and 1s |
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For the video model what colour system is used? |
YUV (YIQ) or YCbCr (model = colour space) Y = luminance UV or (CbCr) = chrominance (color/hue) |
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Firewire is a high speed data transfer technology... |
transmitted originally at 400Mbps initiated at Apple peer to peer technology |
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USB 2.0 |
backward compatible, transmitted at 480Mbps Firewire 400 and does video Master/slave technology |
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Interlacing effect (old tvs) |
line 1,3,5,7, etc line 2,4,6,8, etc |
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Progressive Effect (flat screens) |
line 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, etc |
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The Frame Size of Standard DV Frame |
for NTSC - 720 x 480 pixels, 3:2 ratio, pixels are distorted (not square)
for Pal - 720 x 576 pixels, 4:3 ratio, pixels are distorted
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High Definition NTSC |
1440 x 1080, ratio 4:3, pixels are not square OR 1280 x 720, ratio is 16:9, pixels are square |
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Old TVs |
480 Scan Lines (interlaced) |
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New Plasma, Flat Screen |
720 or 1080 lines (progressive) |
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Which is faster: Firewire 400 or USB 2.0 or Thunderbolt |
Thunderbolt (10GBS) |
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Every Apple computer has a firewire port true or false |
False, they do not all have ports |
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What was the Frame Ratio for NTSC TV's in the 80s |
30FPS and 29.97 FPS (color) |
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What is the Frame Ratio for HD TVs |
1440 x 1030 (4:3) 1280 X 720 (16:9) |
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What does 1080p mean? |
High definition, progressive |
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Which of the following colour samplings methods offers 0% compression a) 4:4:4 b) 4:2:2 c) 4:2:0 d) 4:1:1 |
a) 4:4:4 |
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Name two types of data transfer methods you can use to move your video from your camcorder to your computer |
USB, Firewire, Thunderbolt |
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How many scan lines are there on an analog TV from the 1970s? |
480 lines (HD is 720 or 1080) |
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What does 720p mean? |
720 lines, progressive (scans 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc) |
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Color Sampling - the first number is... |
Brightness: 4 4:4:4 = 0 compression |
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What is the name of the most common for of compression in the camcorder? |
DV25 |
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CODEC |
coder/decoder or compress/decompress is a code or program that compresses video or audio as it is stored (exporting from the editing software - Moviemaker) when displaying it decompresses the video Storage - Coded View - Decoded |
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Most common Codecs |
Sorenson Spark H. 264 DivX |
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Spatial Compression (within a frame) |
best suited for high action videos (fast movement), compresses each frame individually, uses the same technique as JPG compression |
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Temporal Compression (between frames) |
just saves info on selected frames (keyframes), all other frames just save the differences from the previous keyframe, good when difference between current frame and keyframe is small (i.e. Larry King live) |
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Container File Format |
avi: a file format that stores both the data (frames) and how to play the data (which codec to use) |
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Common Containers |
avi mov flv mkv (newest and open source allows you to store unlimited number of audio and visual tracks) |
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Why can your computer sometimes play one .avi file but then not another? |
because of the codec, depending on what codec was used when the person stored the file |
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Digital Media Players |
software that plays multimedia files - Quicktime - Apple version of Windows Media Player - iTunes - Apple software developed for playing audio files - Flash Player, Real Player, etc - most media players with play videos produced with a variety of codecs |
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Streaming |
Webcasting |
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RealServer |
serves media clips to clients, allows users to stream, rather than download the media clips |
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WebServer |
delivers pages to Web browsers over the Internet |
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Ram File (.ram) |
launches the RealPlayer and links to the clip (linked to by HTML webpage) |
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Unicast |
each user gets their own stream of video, the server sends out a lot of data if several users are watching at once |
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Multicast |
send the same stream to a bunch of users but then they lose the ability to pause, rewind, etc |
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YouTube Format |
320 x 240 pixels, mono audio |
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What file format does YouTube use? What newer file format is Flash Player pushing? |
.avi .mov .mpeg and .mp4(.flv) |
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.avi is a container file format T/F |
True, it is a container file format |
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.avi files will always use the same codec to play them t/f |
False, they will not use the same codec to play |
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Name 3 ways of reducing the file size of a piece of video before moving it onto your website |
lower frame size, change frame rate, choose a codec |
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Which of these will not affect the size of a video file a) picture size b) color resolution c) type of font used for credits d) number of frames per second e) all of the above |
c) type of font used for credits |
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What is a codec? |
A piece of software used for compression/decompression of videos and audio |
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Sound Waves |
the higher the wave, the louder the sound the closer together, the higher the pitch |
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Quality of Digital Recording is Dependant On: Sample Rate |
number of times/sec that waveform is measured 1000 samples per second = 1000Hz = 1KHz minimum of 2 or more samples |
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Quality of Digital Recording is Dependant On: Sample Size (aka bit depth) |
equivalent to what we are doing with images, the higher the sample size the better the quality, each measurement taken is represented by a value |
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Quality of Digital Recording is Dependant On: Channels |
Mono signal - one channel (stream) of data reproduced equally on both speaker channels
Stereo signal - consists of two channels (streams) of data, double the size of a mono file, but higher quality
*1 Stream vs 2 Streams |
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Midi (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) |
these files do not handle voice well, only sound (remember the Vinesauce video with Joel and the Midi file songs) |
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Which has more samples per second? a) CD recording (44HKZ) b) FM Radio (22HKZ) c) Both are the same |
I'm gonna guess a) CD recording??? |
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In general what is the minimum amount of samples needed for voice only |
voice = 8HKZ |
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Which part of the sound wave reflects volume? |
the height of the wave |
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Animation |
Definition: simulation of movement through a series of pictures that have objects in slightly different positions |
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Frame Rate indicates... |
the playback speed of the animation in frames per second, low frame rate will appear choppy |
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Tweening |
short for in-betweening, the process of generating intermediate frames between two images to give the appearance that the 1st image evolves smoothly into the 2nd image |
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Keyframe Animation |
Animating a graphical object by creating smooth transitions between various keyframes, the frames that indicate the beginning and end of an object's motion path |
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Movies... |
24 fps, Tv-30 fps, Computer 12-15 fps |
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Types of Animation: 2-Dimensional |
cell-based vs path-based (motion path is actually drawn in for the object to follow) |
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Types of Animation: 3-Dimensional |
modelling, animating, rendering, what to do to change motion |
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Onion Skinning |
2D computer graphics term for a technique used in creating animated cartoons and editing movies to see several frames at once |
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Rotoscoping |
animation technique in which animators trace over footage frame by frame for use in live action and animated films |
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Characteristics of an Animated GIF |
file size (affected by number of colours & amount of noise in frames), no plug-ins required, no sound |
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Animation File Types |
Animated gifs (universal), Flash (.fla or .swf), Macromedia Director |
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Sophisticated Animations |
Strata 3D, LightWave, 3D Studio Max, Maya, and Houdini, FormZ |
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Stage |
rectangular area where the visible motion will take place |
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Timeline |
Series of frames in a row and stacks or layers. Indicates keyframes, regular frames, and empty frames |
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Shape |
basic shapes drawn with the shape tools, line tool or a single letter |
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Symbol |
stored in a library and can be reused, changes to the library symbol will result in changes in all of the copies of this symbol currently on the stage |
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Graphic |
static graphic, can be used in other symbols |
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Button |
interactive part of animation with user, responds to mouse clicks and rollovers |
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Movieclip |
reusable piece of animation with user, can turn a simple animation into a movieclip symbol and reuse it |
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Motion Guide |
lets you animate an object along a path that you draw yourself, only works with symbols. |
