Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is nephrotic syndrome? |
Heavy proteinuria (>3.5g/24 hours)
Hypoalbuminemia (<3.0 g/dL) Peripheral edema |
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of DI?
|
Polyuria
Nocturia Polydipsia Low urine osmolality |
|
|
What is the mainstay of therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy?
|
ACE-I (add diuretic, beta blocker)
|
|
|
What is Goodpasture's syndrome?
|
Glomerulonephritis
Pulmonary hemorrhage Anti GBM antibodies |
|
|
What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?
|
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis |
|
|
What is the treatment for H Pylori?
|
PPI
Clarithromycin Amoxicillin (if patient is PCN allergic, substitute Metronidazole for Amoxicillin) |
|
|
What is nephritic syndrome?
|
Hematuria (RBC casts!)
Proteinuria (>3.5g/day) HTN Uremia Renal insufficiency |
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis? |
Presence of non-caseating granulomas in certain organs
-Bilateral hilar adenopathy -Pulmonary reticular opacities -Skin/joint/eye lesions |
|
|
CLL |
Smudge cells
|
|
|
ALL
|
young children
|
|
|
AML
|
Auer rods
|
|
|
CML
|
Philadelphia chromosome
|
|
|
1st degree AV block
|
Prolonged PR interval >0.2 seconds
|
|
|
2nd degree AV block Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) |
Progressive increase in PR interval until P wave is blocked
|
|
|
2nd degree AV block Mobitz Type II
|
Sudden block of a P wave with no change in PR interval
|
|
|
3rd degree AV block
|
Atria and ventricles controlled by different pacemakers
Atrial and ventricular rhythms are independent of each other |
|
|
Treatment for Torsades de pointes
|
Magnesium
|
|
|
Galeazzi/Allis Test |
Test for developmental dysplasia of the hip Flex infant's hips and knees, check knee heights for discrepancy |
|
|
Barlow/Ortolani Tests |
Barlow: hip flexion and adduction, apply lateral force Ortolani: hip abduction, posteriorly placed examiner's finger pushes anteriorly to replace femoral head back into acetabulum=palpable "clunk" (O=OUT) |
|
|
Sitagliptin (Januvia) |
DDP4 inhibitor Works through the incretin system: enhances beta cell insulin secretion after glucose ingestion |
|
|
Glipizide |
Sulfonylurea Shuts down membrane potassium ion channels, allowing calcium channels to open, which stimulates insulin secretion in beta cells |
|
|
Metformin |
Suppresses glucose production by the liver, which reduces insulin resistance Reduces LDL and triglycerides Not associated with weight gain |
|
|
Dance's Sign |
Sausage-like mass in RUQ Empty space in RLQ Pathognomonic for intussusception |
|
|
Abruptio placentae |
Premature separation of the placenta from the uterus Can result in CONSUMPTIVE COAGULOPATHY from intravascular and retroplacental coagulation leading to hypofibrinogenemia and thrombocytopenia, increased INR and PT |
|
|
What structure is commonly compressed by a pituitary adenoma? |
Optic chiasm |
|
|
Test used to diagnose DI? |
Desmopression suppression test |
|
|
Octreotide suppression test |
Evaluate for neuroendocrine disorders (acromegaly, excess GH states) |
|
|
Dexamethasone suppression test |
Cushing's |
|
|
Opiate withdrawl sx and tx |
Sx: mydriasis, yawning, piloerection, rhinorrhea, GI distress, tachycardia/tachypnea, HTN Tx: Clonidine |
|
|
Opiate intoxication sx and tx |
Sx: ? Tx: Naloxone (Narcan) |
|
|
What can help differentiate TRALI (transfusion related acute lung injury) from TACO (transfusion associated circulatory overload)? |
High fever |
|
|
Hepatic encephalopathy |
Liver failure leads to increased levels of ammonia and subsequent increased metabolism of ammonia to glutamine in the CNS |
|
|
Pyloric stenosis and electrolyte abnormality |
Hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis |
|
|
Major and minor Jones criteria for RF |
Evidence of streptococcal infection and TWO major or ONE major and TWO minor Major: carditis, polyarthritis, chorea, subQ nodules, erythema marginatum Minor: fever, arthralgia, elevated ESR/CRP, prolonged PR, previous RF |
|
|
Two side effects of PGE1 (tx for ductal dependent cardiac lesions) |
Fever Apnea |
|
|
Normal Anion Gap |
HARDASS Hyperalimentation Addison's RTA Diarrhea Acetazolamide Spirinolactone Saline infusion |
|
|
Increased Anion Gap |
MUDPILES Methanol Uremia DKA Propylene glycol Iron/INH Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol Salicylates |
|
|
What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone? |
Scaphoid (tenderness and swelling of the anatomic snuff box) Thumb spica splint |
|
|
ADA Dx criteria for DM |
Sx of DM plus random glucose >200 Fasting plasma glucose of >126 on 2 occasions Plasma glucose of >200 two hours after 75g glucose load |
|
|
Tx for rhus dermatitis (poison ivy) |
Prednisone taper over 21 days |
|
|
Sick sinus syndrome |
SA node dysfunction that causes marked bradycardia or sinus arrest occasionally interspersed with paroxysms of SVT; common reasons it occurs: age and replacement of SA node with fibrous tissue Tx: permanent pacemaker |
|
|
What is the most commonly affected joint in pseduogout? |
The knee |
|
|
What is the most commonly affected joint in gout? |
MTP |
|
|
What is the electrolyte abnormality associated with adrenal insufficiency?
|
hyponatremia hyperkalemia |
|
|
MCC of SBP |
E. coli |
|
|
How many PMN's needed to dx SBP? |
>250mm3 |
|
|
What is the most specific test to diagnose Sjogren's? |
Anti-La |
|
|
What test is used to diagnose scleroderma? |
Anti-centromere antibody |
|
|
What is the tx of choice for Raynaud's phenomenon? |
CCD (Verapamil) |
|
|
What do you need to obtain if you suspect a patient has gestational trophoblastic neoplasia? |
After ultrasound, a CXR |
