Community Health Test 1

Front 1

Primary Care places an emphasis on what?

Back 1

Cure

Front 2

Primary Health Care places an emphasis on what?

Back 2

Prevention and Self Reliance

Front 3

National Government makes recommendation but what does the State do?

Back 3

Decides what to accept or reject
Establishes health codes
License facilities and the personnel
Regulates insurance
Provides direct assistance to local health depts

Front 4

Community Oriented Primary Care Model

Back 4

Responsive model of health care delivery that integrates parts of primary care and public health
Treats an identifiable population for which the practice assumes responsibility

Front 5

Primary Prevention

Back 5

seeks to promote health and prevent disease from the beginning

Front 6

Secondary Prevention

Back 6

intervention that seeks to detect disease early before S&S become apparent so as to make early Dx and begin early Tx

Front 7

Tertiary Prevention

Back 7

Begins once disease is apparent and is aimed to interrupt the course of the disease and reduce the amount of disability that may occur and begin rehab

Front 8

Ancient Egyptians were responsible for what?

Back 8

Developing pharmaceutical preparations, constructing earth privies, and public drainage systems

Front 9

Hebrew Mosaic Law covered what?

Back 9

maternal health,communicable disease control, protection of food and water and waste and sanitary disposal

Front 10

Ancient Greeks were more concerned with what?

Back 10

personal cleanliness, diet, exercise, and sanitation

Front 11

Classic Romans were concerned with what?

Back 11

Community health and social medicine perspective
ex. aqueducts

Front 12

Who established the first postgraduate nursing course in public health nursing?

Back 12

Mary Adelaide

Front 13

Who established the first postgraduate nursing course in public health nursing?

Back 13

Mary Adelaide

Front 14

WWII - 1970s exhibited what changes in Nursing?

Back 14

People were living longer so chronic disease became leading cause of death
Public Health Nursing became required part of baccalaureate nursing programs

Front 15

Healthcare changed dramatically in the 21st century because of what event?

Back 15

9/11

Front 16

Emmetropia v Hyperopia v Myopia

Back 16

Emmetropia- normal
Hyperopia- near vision error (farsighted)
Myopia- distance vision error (nearsighted)

Front 17

3 charts for Vision Screening

Back 17

Snellen- 7+yrs of age
Snellen Tumbling "E" Chart- 5&6yrs of age
H:O:T:V Chart- young children who do not know the alphabet or the mentally challenged

Front 18

Hirschberg Test

Back 18

reflection of the light in the pupils should be centered
If reflection is not sent you always refer AND administer Cover/Uncover Test

Front 19

Cover and Uncover Test

Back 19

Used to detect constant muscle imbalance or misalignment of the eye (stabismus)
If muscle weakness is present, the eye being covered will drift away from the object being fixated upon and jump back to re-establish position when uncovered

Front 20

Passing vision scores for age group:
Children thru 4 years:
Children 5+:

Back 20

Children thru 4 years: 20/40 or better and > 2 line difference in passing acuity.
Children 5+: 20/30 acuity or better

*Refer for worse or >2 line difference

Front 21

Abnormality Tests: indicates what?
Nystagmus-
Lid Lag-
Decreased Peripheral Vision-
No Visible Red Reflex-

Back 21

Nystagmus- neuro dysfxn
Lid Lag- Hyperthyroidism
Decreased Peripheral Vision- Glaucoma
No Visible Red Reflex- cataract

Front 22

Hearing Screening sequence and levels

Back 22

1000, 2000, and 4000 at 25dB

Front 23

Hearing Screening procedure

Back 23

Start at 1000 then 2000 then 4000 at 20dB for 1st grade and up and 25dB for preK. Tone should be given for 2-3 seconds and started in the right ear at all three levels before going to the left ear

Front 24

Define Frequency

Back 24

The pitch of a sound

Front 25

Define Intensity

Back 25

The degree of loudness

Front 26

Hearing Losses: At what point is a hearing aid useful in reference to dB loss? At what point is amplification recommended? At what point is amplification required?

Back 26

15-25 is minor and only difficult with soft spoke words
25-40 are good candidates for hearing aids
40-55 recommended amplification
>55 needs amplification

Front 27

Scoliosis is defined when there is abnormal curvature of the spine of how many degrees or more?

Back 27

>10 degrees

Front 28

S&S of Scoliosis

Back 28

One shoulder higher than the other
One shoulder blade higher than the other
One hip higher
Space btw arms and body greater on one side
Leaning to one side
Head not directly above pelvis

Front 29

Functional vs. Structural Scoliosis

Back 29

Structural involves changes in alignment in fixed vertebrae and cannot be corrected solely by standing up straight. Functional has no permanent change in shape and is typically cased my student's having different length of legs

Front 30

FYI* Screening is NOT a Dx of Scoliosis, a Dx is made by what?

Back 30

An Xray!

Front 31

Screening involves what views?

Back 31

1. Front and Standing
2. Bending forward
3. Side Standing
4. Side forward bend
5. Back and Standing
6. Back and foward

*Rescreen prior to referral

Front 32

Scoliometer is used for what?

Back 32

Determine degree of bend and determine the need for referral
Referral for reading >7 degrees
Should be rescreened after 1 yr to determine if curve is increasing

Front 33

Risser Sign

Back 33

determines bone development in the spine
Small ridge of bone that forms over the top of each side of the pelvis.
More complete sign indicates less risk of future growth

Front 34

When to Brace Scoliosis kids
When to have surgery?

Back 34

when curves are 25-40 degrees and growth still remains. Must stay in the brace!
Surgery when curves greater than 45 degrees

Front 35

Screening is done on whom?

Back 35

Grade 5 and 9 ages 10-14
Texas says all children grades 6 and 9 or 5 and 8

Front 36

Acanthosis Nigricans is associated with what?

Back 36

Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance
Indicates a risk for Type 2 Diabetes and other health problems

Front 37

Differences Grades of AN

Back 37

1- a line
2- 1-2 centimeters in width
3- 2-3 centimeters in width
4- >3 cm in width

Front 38

AN is found where?

Back 38

Folds and creases as well as the soles of the feet

Front 39

What is the Nursing Meta Paradigm?

Back 39

Person, Environment, Health, Nursing

These are present in all Nursing Models

Front 40

Community as a Partner Model

Back 40

Synthesizes public health and nursing utilizing:
- Community Assessment Wheel
- Nursing Process

Made up of:
-Core- the community and values
- Flexible Line of Defense- temp response to stressors
-Normal Line of Defense- level of health the community has built up over time
- Lines of Defense- strength of community to fight stressors

Front 41

Flexible Line of Defense

Back 41

Temporary response to stressors faced by the community

Front 42

Lines of Resistance

Back 42

Permanent features of the community that provide for health. Represents the community's strengths.

Front 43

Normal Lines of Defense

Back 43

Built up over time and often represented by numbers and statistics. This represents the communities usual state of well-being and normal range of responsiveness to stressors

Front 44

Degree of Reaction

Back 44

The amount of disruption a stressor causes to a system

Front 45

Program Planning Process involves what four steps?

Back 45

Name the problem
Identify goals and objectives
Evaluate problem solutions
Choose the solution

Front 46

Case Management is what?

Back 46

enhances continuity and appropriateness of care and is a process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and monitoring services and resources needed by clients while supporting the effective use of health and social services

Front 47

*What is the difference between Case Management and Care Management?

Back 47

*Care Management that involves care plans and establishes a system while case management involves activities implemented with individual clients

Front 48

What is the Process of Advocacy?

Back 48

-Informing
-Supporting
-Affirming

Front 49

Collaboration is _______________

Back 49

the process to reach a common goal

Front 50

Ethical Issues as per the Code of Ethics for Nurses

Back 50

Autonomy (pt right to choose)
Beneficence (if it costs too much, then won't do it)
Justice (jeopardized when reimbursement is sometimes refused)

Front 51

Section 504 of Act of 1973

Back 51

Education for All

Front 52

Primary Prevention in School

Back 52

Prevention, Education, and Required Vaccinations

Front 53

Secondary Prevention in School

Back 53

Emergency plans, medications, screenings, identifying child abuse, communicating with health care providers, preventing suicide, and violence at school

Front 54

Tertiary Prevention in School

Back 54

children with asthma, DM, autism, DNR orders, homebound, and pregnant teenagers and teen mothers

Front 55

Define Mitigation

Back 55

preventing HAZARDS from developing into disasters or reduce the effects of disasters when the occur

Front 56

FEMA does not do what?

Back 56

take charge of recovery effort

Front 57

Disaster Triage:
Red
Yellow
Green
Black

Back 57

Red-1st priority- life threatening
Yellow- 2nd priority- can wait a little
Green- 3rd priority can wait a while longer
Black- dying or dead

Front 58

The Rule of Utility states what?

Back 58

the goal is whatever brings about the most good to the most # of people

Front 59

S&S of Radiological Agent exposure?

Back 59

Think CA pt
Red, fatigued, N, anemic

Front 60

Smallpox stage of progression

Back 60

Macules to papules to vesicles to pustules to scabs

Front 61

Smallpox differs from chickenpox how?

Back 61

rash starts on palms and soles of feet and works in vs chickenpox starts in and works out

Front 62

Tx of Pneumonic Plague

Back 62

antibiotic x 7 days. streptomycin,gentamycin, tetracycline