Community Health Nursing: Test 1

Front 1

The study of the distribution of health and illness within the population and the factors that determine the population's health status

Back 1

Epidemiogy

Front 2

How Nurses Use Epidemiology:
Who used basic epidemiology to measure rates of illness per 1000 soldiers during the Crimean War.

Back 2

F. Nightingale

Front 3

How Nurses Use Epidemiology:
F. Nightingale looked at the relationship between the __________ and the recovery of the soldiers during the Crimean War.

Back 3

conditions of the environment

Front 4

How Nurses Use Epidemiology:
Nurses are involved in the _____ and _____ of disease trends

Back 4

surveillance; monitoring

Front 5

What are the 6 measures of Morbidity and Mortality?

Back 5

1. Risk
2. Rate
3. Incidence rate
4. Prevalence rate
5. Attack rate
6. Case fatality rate

Front 6

Definition:
The probability that a given individual will develop a specific condition.

Back 6

Risk

Front 7

Definition:
The probability of some event or outcome within a specified period.

Back 7

Risk

Front 8

Definition:
A measure of frequency of a health event in a defined population during a specified period.

Back 8

Rate

Front 9

Definition:
Statistical measures that indicate the extent of health problems in a group.

Back 9

Rates of Occurrence

Front 10

_____ allow for comparisons between groups of different sizes with respect to the extent of a particular condition.

Back 10

Rates of Occurrence

Front 11

Rates of Occurrence is calculated by dividing ___________ by the __________ and multiplying by __________.

Back 11

the number of instances of an event during a specified period;
population at risk for that event;
a predetermined number as a constant (usually 1,000)

Front 12

Definition:
The frequency or rate of new casess of an outcome in a population.

Back 12

Incidence rate

Front 13

__________ provides an estimate of the risk of disease in that population over a period of observation.

Back 13

Incidence rate

Front 14

Definition:
A measure of existing disease in a population at a given time.

Back 14

Prevalence proportion (rate)

Front 15

Definition:
A type of incidence rate defined as the proportion of persons exposed to an agent who develop the disease, usually for a limited time in a specific population.

Back 15

Attack rate

Front 16

Definition:
Proportion of persons diagnosed with a specific disorder who die within a specified time.

Back 16

Case fatality rate

Front 17

What are the two elements of risk?

Back 17

1. Susceptibility
2. Exposure potential

Front 18

Definition:
The ability to be affected by factors contributing to a particular health condition.

Back 18

Susceptibility

Front 19

Definition:
The likelihood of exposure to factors that contribute to a particular condition.

Back 19

Exposure potential

Front 20

What are the two Major Rates of Occurrence?

Back 20

1. Mortality rates
2. Morbidity rates

Front 21

Definition:
The ratio of the number of deaths in various categories to the size of a given population

Back 21

Mortality rates

Front 22

Definition:
The ratio of the number of cases of a condition to a given population.

Back 22

Morbidity rates

Front 23

What are the two types of morbidity rates?

Back 23

1. Incidence
2. Prevalence

Front 24

Definition:
The rate of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period of time.

Back 24

Incidence

Front 25

Definition:
The total number of persons with a condition present in the population at a given point in time.

Back 25

Prevalence

Front 26

Definition:
The concept that one event is the result of another event.

Back 26

Causality

Front 27

Definition:
Using statistics to determine if a relationship exists between two or more factors or event.

Back 27

Causality

Front 28

What are the criterias for causality?

Back 28

1. Consistency
2. Strength of association
3. Specificity
4. Temporal relationship
5. Coherence

Front 29

Criterias for causality:
________ means that the association is consistent and always occurs in the same direction

Back 29

Consistency

Front 30

Criterias for causality:
________ means that the greater the correlation, the greater the possibility of causation.

Back 30

Strength of association

Front 31

Criterias for causality:
__________ means that the supposed cause always results in the same effect.

Back 31

Specificity

Front 32

Criterias for causality:
__________ means that the supposed cause always occurs before the supposed effect.

Back 32

Temporal relationship

Front 33

Criterias for causality:
__________ means that the supposition that one event causes another is coherent with other existing knowledge.

Back 33

Coherence

Front 34

Definition:
A framework for collecting and organizing epidemiologic data.

Back 34

Epidemiologic Models

Front 35

What are the two main Epidemiologic Models?

Back 35

1. The epidemiologic triad
2. The web of causation

Front 36

What are the three elements of epidemiologic triad?

Back 36

1. Host
2. Agent
3. Enviroment

Front 37

Preexposure stage is
Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary Level of Prevention?

Back 37

Primary Level of Prevention

Front 38

Preclinical stage is
Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary Level of Prevention?

Back 38

Primary Level of Prevention

Front 39

Clinical stage is
Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary Level of Prevention?

Back 39

Secondary Level of Prevention

Front 40

Resolution stage is
Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary Level of Prevention?

Back 40

Tertiary Level of Prevention

Front 41

What are the five characteristics of a successful screening program?

Back 41

1. Valid (accurate)
2. Reliable (precise)
3. Capable of large group administration
4. Innocuous
5. High yield

Front 42

Characteristics of a successful screening program:
_____ means that the screening has a high probability of correct classification of person tested.

Back 42

Valid (accurate)

Front 43

Characteristics of a successful screening program:
_____ means that result of the screening are consistant from place to place, time to time, and person to person.

Back 43

Reliable (precise)

Front 44

Characteristics of a successful screening program:
_____ means that the screening has few if any side effects, and the test is minimally invasive.

Back 44

Innocuous

Front 45

Characteristics of a successful screening program:
_____ means that the screening us able to detect enough new cases to warrent the effort and expense (yield defined as amount of previously unrecognized disease that is diagnosed and treated as a result of screening).

Back 45

High yield