Community Health

Front 1

The Tipping Point Laws

Back 1

Law of the Few: success of any kind of social epidemic is heavily dependent on the involvement of people with a particular skill set

Stickiness Factor: there is a simple way to package information to make it irresistible

Power of Context: context matters, environment makes a huge difference

Front 2

Bandaid solutions

Back 2

Putting a bandaid on injury/problem rather than treating it or dealing with it seriously

Front 3

Collective action framing

Back 3

1. Problem definition
2. Causal attribution
3. Moral evaluation
4. Remedial action

Front 4

Robin-Hood Index

Back 4

How much the rich would need to give to the poor to make things equal

Front 5

Stokols 5 Criteria

Back 5

1. Grounded in scientific and epidemiological research
2. Economically feasible
3. Likely to reach a large segment of the target population
4. Unlikely to cause adverse side effects
5. Consistent with community priorities and community members

Front 6

Harm Reduction

Back 6

policy or program directed toward decreasing the adverse physical, social, and economic consequences of high risk behaviors without requiring absence from that behavior

Front 7

Epidemiological Triangle

Back 7

Host
Agent
Environment

Front 8

Health inequity vs. health inequality

Back 8

Inequality: the difference of health statues within or between populations
Inequity: when health inequity in a population is unfair, unnecessary, and avoidable

Front 9

Community Health

Back 9

Community-wide strategies to prevent disease and promote health, combines prevention and promotion

Front 10

Social Marketing

Back 10

-individual as audience
-develops health messages
-changes the individual
-public service advertisement
-target is person with problem or risk factor
-addresses the information gap

Front 11

Media Advocacy

Back 11

Strategic use of mass media to advance social and public policy
-individual as advocate
-advances public health policies
-changes the environment
-news and paid advertising
-target is person with power to make change
-addresses power gap

Front 12

Surveillance

Back 12

Collecting and reporting information on disease and public health
-emerging epidemics look as though they originate in areas with high surveillance, but actually originate in places with poor surveillance

Front 13

Type I error vs. Type II error

Back 13

Type I: Not taking action when action was needed
Type II: Taking action when it was more appropriate to do nothing and producing adverse side effects

Front 14

Individual Behavior Models

Back 14

Modifies the attitudes and behaviors of individuals, active individual efforts necessary

Front 15

Environmental Models

Back 15

Improving the physical and social environment, passive efforts

Front 16

Social-ecological Model

Back 16

Integrates people and their environment, combines active and passive efforts

Front 17

The Blue Death

Back 17

-Safe vs. meets standards
-Type I error vs. Type II error
-4 W's
-Change happened in a dramatic moment all at once

Front 18

Tragedy of the Commons

Back 18

Hardin
-mutual cohesion, mutually agreed upon
-freedom in a common brings ruin to all
-used to describe no technical solution problems
-example with farmers and cows
-Kawachi states it can be conquered by social capital

Front 19

Community Empowerment

Back 19

Ability of people to gain understanding and control over personal, social, economic, and political forces that affect their
lives
-assert right
-advocate on own behalf
-access resources
-define own needs

Front 20

Social Capital (Kawachi)

Back 20

Social networks, norms, and trust that enables groups of individuals to cooperate in pursuing shared objectives
-can overcome tragedy of the commons

Front 21

4 Levels of Intervention

Back 21

1. Individual
2. Community
3. Organizational
4. Policy

Front 22

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention

Back 22

Primary: forestalling the onset of illness or injury
Secondary: early diagnosis and prompt treatment
Tertiary: retraining, reeducation, and rehabilitating of patient

Front 23

Biomedical vs. Public Health

Back 23

Biomedical
-downstream
-individual
-cure
-based in technocratic science
Public Health
-upstream
-prevention
-populations
-policy

Front 24

Information Gap vs. Power Gap

Back 24

Information: suggests health problems stem from a lack of knowledge on the part of those with the problem
Power: motivates broad social or political involvement to define the problem and create social change

Front 25

4 P's of marketing

Back 25

1. Attractive product
2. Promote to maximize attractiveness
3. Appropriate Prices for audience
4. Available at appropriate Places for audience
(product, promote, prices, places)

Front 26

Preemption
-savings clause

Back 26

Judicial doctrine in which higher levels of government eliminate or limit the authority of lower levels

Savings clause: included legislations that preserves the authority of lower jurisdictions and can avoid implied preemption

Front 27

One-health approach

Back 27

Approaching public health knowing that animal, human, and ecosystem health are all interconnected

Front 28

4 W's

Back 28

1. Who is being afflicted
2. Where have the afflicted been?
3. When did the disease/symptoms show up?
4. What is the disease?

Front 29

3 Options to eliminate a disease

Back 29

1. eliminate source
2. stop transport mechanism
3. Seal the source from the recipient (protect)

Front 30

Determinant of Health

Back 30

-Social environment
-Physical causes
-Genetic endowment
Social determinants: people, place, foundation of opportunity

Front 31

Response-Ability

Back 31

ones ability to respond to the environment given your responsibility and what you have access to

Front 32

Gordon's 7

Back 32

1. don't be poor
2. don't have poor parents
3. own a car
4. don't work in a stressful, low paid manual job
5. don't live in damp, low quality housing
6. don't become unemployed
7. don't live near highways or factories

Front 33

Breslow 7

Back 33

1. 3 meals a day
2. breakfast daily
3. moderate exercise 2-3 times per week
4. 7-8 hours of sleep nightly
5. no smoking
6. moderate weight
7. no alcohol or in moderation

Front 34

Public Health

Back 34

Creating condition that keep people safe and healthy
-complete physical, social, and mental well-being. not just the absence of disease or infirmity

Front 35

Out in the Rural

Back 35

-health inequity vs. inequality
-4 steps of collective action framing
-3 kinds of prevention
-community empowerment
-health promotion vs. prevention
-biomedical vs. public health
- health responsibility
-education is sticky!