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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Communication
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is the process of interaction between people where symbols are used to create, exchange, and interpret ,messages about ideas, emotions, and mind-states.
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What is the communication process?
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sender ,message, receiver, response
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What is the Response?
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verbal-nonverbal= pace and intonation, simplicity, clarity and brevity, timing and relevance, adaptability, credibility, humor/body language, personal appearance, posture and gait facial expressions, gestures, electronic communication, written communication, appropriate language and terminology, correct grammar and punctuation, correct spelling , logical organization
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Factors that influence communication
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lifespan considerations, gender, sociocultural characteristics, values and perceptions, personal space( intimate, personal, social, public), Territoriality, roles and relationships, environment, congruent communication, interpersonal attitudes.
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Barriers to communication |
Failing to listen Improperly decoding the patients message Placing the nurses needs above the patients Aggressive vs. Passive communicators |
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Assertive comminication
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direct and non confrontational respecting the right for someone else's opinion No name calling No judging Does not blame others Creates a win-win situation |
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Characteristics of assertive communication
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Freedom to express oneself Awareness of one's own rights Self control over strong emotions such as anger, fear, or frustration Assertive communicators are professional and are the best advocates for patients They are open listening to others opinions, no sarcasm, biting comebacks, or passive aggressive wounding to promote one's superiority |
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Therapeutic Communication
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Empathizing not sympathy Attentive listening Physical attending Using Silence Reflecting Open ended questions not closed ended Avoid self disclosures Clarifying Paraphrasing Checking perceptions Questioning Giving feedback |
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Encoding
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involve the selection of specific signs or symbols to transmit the message, such as which language and words to use, how to arrange the words, and what medium to use, which may involve tone of voice and gestures in oral communication.
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Message
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What is actually said or written, the body language that accompanies the words, and how the words were transmitted.
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Receiver
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is the listener, who must listen, observe, and attend. |
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Decoder
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Who must perceive what the sender intended. Perception may use all if the senses to receive verbal and nonverbal messages
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To decode
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means to relate the message perceived to the receiver's storehouse of knowledge and experience and to sort out the meaning of the message.
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Feedback
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Allows the sender to correct or reword a message
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Verbal Communication
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uses the spoken or written word
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Nonverbal Communication
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uses other forms such as gestures, facial expressions, and touch
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What is majority of communication
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Nonverbal
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Words and phrasing used vary among individuals according to?
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Culture, socioeconomic background, age, and education
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What does the nurse need to consider when choosing what to say or write? Part 1 |
Pace and intonation- the manner of speech as in the pace or rhythm and intonation will affect the feeling and impact of the message Simplicity- refers to the use of commonly understood words, brevity, and completeness |
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Part 2
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Clarity and Brevity- the most effective type of message is one that is direct and simple clarity is saying what is meant and brevity is using fewest words possible. Timing and Relevance- the timing needs to be appropriate to ensure that the words are heard. |
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Part 3
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Adaptability- Spoken messages need to altered in response to behavioral cues from the client Credibility- is the quality of being truthful, trustworthy, and reliable. Nurses foster credibility by being consistent, dependable, and honest. Humor- The humor can be a positive and powerful tool in the nurse- client relationship, but it must be used with care. Humor can be used to help clients adjust to difficult and painful situations |
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Types of Nonverbal communication
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Personal Appearance Posture and Gait Facial Expression Gestures |
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Electronic Communication
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Nurses are increasingly using e-mail to communicate with other nurses, other departments in their employment setting.
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Written Communication
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Notes Letters Text |
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Characteristics of effective communications
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Appropriate language and terminology Correct grammar and spelling, and punctuation Logical organization Appropriate use and citation of resources |
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What factors the communication process? |
Development, gender, values, perceptions, personal space, territoriality, roles and relationships, environment, congruence, and attitudes.
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Gender
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Boys use communication to establish independence and negotiate status within a group. Females use communication to seek confirmation, minimize differences, and establish or reinforce intimacy. |
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What are values?
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are the standards that influence behavior and perception are the personal views of an event. |
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Personal Space
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is the distance individuals prefer to keep between themselves and others during interaction Intimate: touching to 1 1/2 feet Personal: 1 1/2 - 4 feet Social: 4-12 feet Public: 12-15 feet |
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Intimate distance
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communication is characterized by body contact, heightened sensations of the body heat and smell and vocalizations that are low.
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Personal Distance
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is less overwhelming than intimate distance, voice tones are moderate and body heat and smell are less noticeable
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