Communication

Front 1

Language

Back 1

a structure sytem of symblols for communicating meaning

Front 2

symbolic nature of language

Back 2

symbols are arbitrary representations of frequently ambiguous referents

Front 3

symbol's characteristics, three

Back 3

arbitrary- house could have been called a broomstick
ambiguous- words have more than one meaning
abstract- words represent the concept they arent themselves the concept

Front 4

connotative vs. denotative meaning

Back 4

emotional reaction vs the dictionary (overall) agreed meaning

Front 5

phonology
syntax

Back 5

individual sounds that compose a specific spoken language
rules that govern appropriate combinations of words into sentences

Front 6

euphemism

Back 6

form of sugar coating
not exclusionary
ex: cottages vs trailers

Front 7

sapir whorf hypothesis

Back 7

we cannot think outside our language
you can tell what the culture values by their language

Front 8

fact vs. inference

Back 8

inferences are conclusions about the unknown based on the known.

Front 9

verbal vs nonverbal communication

Back 9

verbal communication uses language
non verbal communication gets a message across w/out using language

Front 10

pseudolistening

Back 10

appear to be listening but not really

Front 11

listening myths

Back 11

its's easy, naturaral , hearing and listening are the same, its's a passive activity

Front 12

paraphrasing

Back 12

a concise response to the speaker which states the essence of the other's content in the listener's words
concise and to the point

Front 13

empathic listening

Back 13

requires us to take the perspective of the other person to listen for what that person needs

Front 14

empathy is effectively exhibited through...
Behaviors that fail to exhibit empathy are....

Back 14

probing
supporting
understanding

evaluating
advising
interpreting

Front 15

power

Back 15

ability to influence the attainment of goals sought by yourself or others

Front 16

assertiveness vs. aggressivness

Back 16

assertiveness is the ability to communicate the full range of your thoughts and emotions with confidence and skill
aggressiveness puts one's own needs first, you wipe your shoes on other people
assertiveness considers your needs and the needs of others

Front 17

how is power indicated in communication verbally and non verbally

Back 17

vebal less powerful: speech is often flooded with selfdoubt, approval seeking, overqualification, hesitancy and personal diminishment.
nonverbal power: clothing, touch (more powerful can touch less powerful), eye contact (boss can appear less interested), space (more powerful have more space)

Front 18

Conflict

Back 18

you want something & you see someone else in the way of getting it
can be physical, abstract, ect

Front 19

5 most common negotiation strategies

Back 19

collaboration/cooperation
accomodation/yeilding
compromising
avoiding/withdrawing
controlling/power forcing

Front 20

accommodation/yielding
avoidance/withdrawing

Back 20

giving up, often used by the less powerful party, positive form, shouldn't be the main way to handle conflict
ignore the conflict, tension builds and becomes worse

Front 21

controlling/power forcing
compromise

Back 21

people who thrive on conflict, seek domination, refuse to compromise, escalate to flooding
each party gives up a little but is acceptable to both parties

Front 22

collaboration/cooperating
and it's 3 steps

Back 22

work together to find a solution so everyone wins
sometimes impossible but if not its the best
1. confrontation
2. integration
3. smoothing

Front 23

group norms

Back 23

rules that indicate what group memebers have to do (obligation), should do (preference), or can not doif they want to accomplish specific goals. norms regualate group behavior

Front 24

cohesion and how it's developed

Back 24

the goal of the social dimension
developed through + experiences the group has together

Front 25

lack of cohesiveness vs having cohesiveness

Back 25

= lack of participation vs. having good participation

Front 26

formal vs informal roles

Back 26

formal: assign a position: titles suchas 'president': do not form naturally they are assigned
Informal: identify functions, not positions: emerge naturally, identified by by observing patterns of communication

Front 27

three types of roles
task
maintenance
disruptive

Back 27

task: advance attainment of group goals: extract optimum productivity
maintenance: address social dimension of the group. gain and maintain cohesiveness.
Disruptive: me-oriented. serve individual needs at the expense of group needs and goals

Front 28

leadership

Back 28

transactional influence process whose principle purpose is group goal achievement produced by competent communication

Front 29

democration leadership
Laissez Faire
autocratic
situational

Back 29

leader bases decision based on feedback
leader tries to let the group run themselves
dictator
leads based on the situation

Front 30

differences between styles, trait, and situational approaches to leadership

Back 30

styles: directive and participative
Trait: autocratic/dictator

Front 31

team vs group
3 distinctions

Back 31

every team is a group but not every group is a team
1. teams are inherently we-oriented
2. teams normally consist of individuals with more diverse skills
3. teams usually have a stronger group identity. see themselves as an identifiable unit with a common mission.

Front 32

brainstorming

Back 32

creative provlem solving method characterized by encouragement of even zany ideas, freedom from initial evaluation of potential solutions and energetic participation of all group members

Front 33

critical to its success

Back 33

1. members prepared with initial ideas
2. dont criticize any idea during
3. encourage freewheeling idea generation
4. dont clarify ideas during the idea generation phase
5. piggyback on ideas of others
6. record all ideas for future reference
7. encourage participation from all team members

Front 34

problem solving process (standard agenda)

Back 34

identify goal
analyze problem
est. criteria
generate solution
eval. solutions, make final decision
implement decision

Front 35

benefits of consensus

Back 35

1. full discussion: improves quality of decision
2. team members are likely to be committed to the final decision and will defend the decision
3. usually produces group satisfaction

Front 36

two drawbacks of consensus

Back 36

1. very difficult to achieve: it is time consuming
2. becomes increasingly unlikely as groups grow larger

Front 37

general purpose

Back 37

an infinitive phrase that identifies the overall goal of your speech. tells the audience why your're giving the speech

Front 38

specific purpose

Back 38

a concise, precise declaration composed of simple, clear language that encompasses both the general purpose and the central idea and indicates what the speaker hopes to accomplish with the speech

Front 39

central idea

Back 39

identifies the main concept , point, issue, or conclusion that you want the audience to understand, believe, feel, or reach

Front 40

considered when choosing a topic

Back 40

self
audience
occassion

Front 41

why is audience analysis important?

Back 41

so that you can meet the expectations of your audience

Front 42

strategies for managing speech anxiety

Back 42

prepare and practice
gain proper perspective
adopt a noncompetitive communication orientation
use coping statements
use positive imaging (visualization)
systematic desensitization

Front 43

components of audience analysis

Back 43

demographics
values
beliefs
attitudes

Front 44

critical elements of speech introduction

Back 44

gain attention
clear purpose statement
establish topic significance for the audience
preview main points

Front 45

critical elements of speech conclusion

Back 45

summarize main
refer to the introduction
make a memorable finsh

Front 46

topical speech organization

Back 46

shapes information according to types, classifications, or parts of a whole

Front 47

spatial speech organization

Back 47

explaining directions to a particular place requires spatial order, a visualization of where things are spatially

Front 48

causal

Back 48

cause-effects or effects-causes.
look for why things happen and then discuss the consequences or vice versa

Front 49

chronological

Back 49

suggest specific sequence of events. explain a step by step process

Front 50

problem-solution

Back 50

explores nature of a problem and proposes a solution or possible solutions for the problem

Front 51

manuscript
memorized
extemporaneous
impromptu

Back 51

written speech word for word
manuscript memorized
speech delivered from a prepared outline or notes
little or no obvious preparation

Front 52

oral vs. written speech styles

Back 52

1. when we speak we use simpler sentences than when we write
2. oral syle is more personal and less formal than written style.

Front 53

eye contact
vocal variety

Back 53

makes it difficult for listeners to ignore you
shifts in mood and does not permit an audience to drift into the hypnotic translike state

Front 54

verbal fluency
poise
dynamism

Back 54

frequent verbal fillers may become the only part memorable
too little and too much movement detracts from the speech

Front 55

supporting materials in speeches

Back 55

examples: hypothetical and real
statistics:
Testimony

Front 56

transitions

Back 56

connect what was said with what will be said. they are bridges between points

Front 57

types of visual aids

Back 57

objects
models
graphs
maps
tables
photographs
drawings