Communication

Front 1

Perception

Back 1

the active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting people, objects, events, situations, and activities

Front 2

Cognitive Schemata

Back 2

We rely on schemata to make sense of phenomena: prototypes, personal constructs, stereotypes, and scripts

Front 3

Prototypes

Back 3

knowledge structures that define the clearest or ideal examples of some category

Front 4

Personal Construct

Back 4

a mental yardstick that allows us to measure a person or situation along a bipolar dimension of judgment
Ex. Intelligent - not intelligent

Front 5

Stereotype

Back 5

a predictive generalization about a person or situation

Front 6

Scripts

Back 6

a sequence of activities that spells out how we and others are expected to act in a specific situation

Front 7

Attributions

Back 7

the act of explaining why something happens or why a person acts a particular way

Front 8

Self-serving bias

Back 8

constructing attributions that serve our personal interests

Front 9

Regulative Rules

Back 9

regulate interaction by specifying when, how, where, and with whom to communicate about certain things

Front 10

Constitutive Rules

Back 10

define what a particular communication means or stands for

Front 11

Punctuation

Back 11

a way to mark a flow of activity into meaningful units. It is our perception of when interaction begins and ends

Front 12

Arbitrary

Back 12

verbal symbols are not intrinsically connected to what they represent
Ex. Apple, mouse - use to be fruit or rodent, now can be used as computer term

Front 13

Ambiguous

Back 13

doesn't have clear-cut, precise meanings.
Ex. Good friend - someone to hang out with or someone to confide in?

Front 14

Abstract

Back 14

words are not the concrete or tangible phenomena to which they refer.

Front 15

Symbols

Back 15

representations of people, events, and all that goes on around us and in us

Front 16

Indexing

Back 16

a technique to remind us that our evaluations apply only to specific times and circumstances

Front 17

Kinesics

Back 17

refers to the body position and body motions, including those of the face

Front 18

Haptics

Back 18

a term for nonverbal communication involving physical touch

Front 19

Artifacts

Back 19

personal objects we use to announce our identities and to personalize our environments

Front 20

Proxemics

Back 20

refers to space and how we use it

Front 21

Chronemics

Back 21

refers to how we perceive and use time to define identities and interaction

Front 22

Paralanguage

Back 22

communication that is vocal but not actual words
Ex. Sounds such as murmurs or gasps

Front 23

Dyadic processes

Back 23

Breakdown of est. patterns, understandings, and rules that have bee part of the relationship. May want to talk about their problems

Front 24

Social Support Processes

Back 24

signal an increase in the likelihood of breaking up. Center on telling others about problems, once out in open, harder to ignore the seriousness

Front 25

Grave Dressing Processes

Back 25

Definitely parting ways - decide separately or in collaboration, how to explain problems to friends, children, etc. When there is no joint explanation friends may take sides, gossip

Front 26

Group

Back 26

Three or more people who interact over time, depend on one another, and follow shared rules of conduct to reach a common goal

Front 27

Team

Back 27

special kind of group characterized by different, complementary resources of members and by a strong sense of collective identity

Front 28

Group Advantages

Back 28

greater resources, more thorough thought, heightened creativity, and enhanced commitment to decisions

Front 29

Cohesion

Back 29

the degree of closeness among members and the sense of group spirit

Front 30

Power To

Back 30

ability to empower others to reach their goals - work behind the scenes to enlarge others' influence and visibility and help others succeed (encourage)

Front 31

Power Over

Back 31

ability to help or harm others - expressed in ways that emphasize and build the status of the person wielding influence

Front 32

Rites

Back 32

dramatic, planned sets of activities that bring together aspects of cultural ideology in a single event

Front 33

Rituals

Back 33

forms of communication that occur regularly and that members of an organization perceive as familiar and routine parts of organizational life

Front 34

Extemporaneous Speaking

Back 34

Substantial preparation and practice but stops short of memorizing the exact words of the speech and requires notes

Front 35

Corporate Stories

Back 35

Convey the values, style, and history of an organization

Front 36

Collegial Stories

Back 36

Offers accounts of other members of the organization
Ex. When I first became a faculty member, a senior colleague took me to lunch and explained anecdotes about people in the department

Front 37

Personal Stories

Back 37

members of organizations also tell stories about themselves
Ex. Announce how they see themselves and how they want to be seen by others

Front 38

Specific purpose

Back 38

exactly what you hope to accomplish

Front 39

General purpose

Back 39

to entertain, inform, or persuade

Front 40

Central Idea

Back 40

Thesis statement, the main idea of the entire speech

Front 41

Introduction

Back 41

First thing the audience hears - it should gain listeners' attention, give them reason to listen, est. the credibility of the speaker, and state the thesis

Front 42

Conclusion

Back 42

Speaker's last chance to emphasize ideas, increase credibility, and gain listeners' support or approval - summarize ideas of speech, leave listeners with memorable final idea

Front 43

Hypodermic Needle Theory

Back 43

"magic bullet theory" - media are powerful forces that are injected directly into vulnerable, passive, audiences

Front 44

Use and Gratification Theory

Back 44

we choose to attend to mass communication to gratify ourselves
Ex. We select media that we think will give us something we value or want

Front 45

Agenda Setting

Back 45

the media's ability to select and call to the public's attention ideas, events, and people and offer frames, or ways of seeing, those phenomena it selects

Front 46

Gatekeeper

Back 46

the people and groups that decide which messages pass through the gates that control information flow to reach consumers

Front 47

Cultivation Theory

Back 47

claims that television cultivates, or promotes, a worldview that is inaccurate but that viewers nonetheless may assume reflects real life

Front 48

Cultural Studies Theory

Back 48

focus on the connections between mass communication and popular culture, including history, politics, and economics

Front 49

Audience Analysis

Back 49

focuses on the meanings that audiences assign to their engagement with media