Common Core Block 5: Chemical, Biological, And Radiological Warfare

Front 1

What is chemical warfare?

Back 1

The employment of chemical agents that are intended for use in military operations to kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate personnel due to their physiological effects

Front 2

State the four chemical agents

Back 2

-Nerve agents

-Blister agents

-Blood agents

-Choking agents

Front 3

Explain nerve agents

Back 3

Disrupt nerve impulses to the body while damaging body functions (e.g. Tabun, Sarin, Soman)

Front 4

Explain blister agents

Back 4

Cause inflammation, blisters, and destruction of tissues

Front 5

Exlpain blood agents

Back 5

Attack the enzymes carrying oxygen in the blood stream

Front 6

Explain choking agents

Back 6

Gaseous or liquid casualty agents that cause tears, dry throat, nausea, vomiting, and headaches

Front 7

What is M9 chemical agent detector paper?

Back 7

Detects the presence of liquid chemical agents by turning a red or reddish color

Front 8

What is atropine/2-PAM-chloride?

Back 8

Used as specific therapy for nerve agent casualties, they are issued for instramuscular injection, self-aid or first-aid

Front 9

What is biological warfare?

Back 9

Biological warfare —also known as germ warfare—is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war.

Front 10

What are pathogens and toxins?

Back 10

-Pathogens are living organisms too small to be seen. Found normally in air, water, and soil and may be single or multicelled

-Toxins are chemical compounds of biological origin that may be lethal when inhaled or ingested or incapacitating on skin contact

Front 11

What is radiological warfare?

Back 11

The deliberate use of radiological weapons to produce widespread injury and death to all life

Front 12

What are the 5 types of nuclear explosions?

Back 12

-High-altitude air blast

-Air blast

-Surface blast

-Shallow underwater blast

-Deep underwater blast

(Air, air, surface, under, under)

Front 13

Explain a high-altitude air blast nuclear explosion

Back 13

Occurs above 100,000 feet with ionosphere disruptions and EMP

Front 14

Explain an air blast nuclear explosion

Back 14

Vacuum created collects debris caused by the severe blast damage, resulting in radiation fallout

Front 15

Explain a surface air blast nuclear explosion

Back 15

Has worst fallout due to fireball touching the surface which results in massive fallout

Front 16

Explain a shallow underwater burst nuclear explosion

Back 16

Has a small fireball and blast wave, but causes large waves and contamination

Front 17

Explain a deep underwater nuclear explosion

Back 17

Less visual effects than shallow underwater burst, but yields greater contaminated water

Front 18

Define blast as an effect of nuclear explosions

Back 18

The greater the blast weapon's size the greater the effective range and number of casualties

Front 19

Define flash burns/blindness as an effect of nuclear explosion

Back 19

Depending on weapons size, 2nd degree burns may be received over 25 miles away, thermal radiation may burn eyes though blinding is usually temporary

Front 20

Describe radiation as an effect of nuclear explosion

Back 20

Alpha particles have little penetrating power

Beta particles may cause skin burns;

Gamma rays result in ionization which damages cells

Front 21

Describe EMP as an effect of nuclear explosion

Back 21

ElectroMagnetic Pulse: Intense burst of radio frequency radiation generated by a nuclear explosion destroys communication systems, radios, and electronic signals

Front 22

Describe blackout as an effect of nuclear explosion

Back 22

Loss of lights or electrical power failure

Front 23

What is MOPP?

Back 23

Mission Oriented Protective Posture

MOPP is a management tool that is used to coordinate the use of systems and equipment in Chemical or Biological environment. Full protective clothing and equipment will not be necessary in all CB threat scenarios and using the full IPE could result in unacceptable personnel performance degradation.

Front 24

Describe MOPP Level 0:

Back 24

Worn: nothing.

Carried: Protective mask. Immediately Available: suit, boots and gloves.

Front 25

Describe MOPP Level 1:

Back 25

Worn: suit.

Carried: Protective mask.

Immediately Available: boots and gloves

Front 26

Describe MOPP Level 2:

Back 26

Worn: suit and boots.

Carried: Protective mask and gloves.

Front 27

Describe MOPP Level 3:

Back 27

Worn: suit, boots and mask.

Carried: gloves.

Front 28

Describe MOPP Level 4:

Back 28

All protection worn.

Front 29

What is a DT-60 Dosimeter?

Back 29

A non-self reading high-range casualty dosimeter, which has to be placed in a special radial computer-indicator to determine the total amount of gamma radiation to which the water is exposed in the 0-600 roentgens

Front 30

U.S. forces face a potential CBR threat across a broad range of military operations. The term ________ includes a deliberate or accidental employment or threat of NBC weapons attack with other CBR materials, including toxic industrial materials. The employment and threat of NBC weapons and other toxic materials pose unique challenges to U.S. military operations worldwide.

Back 30

NBC environment

Front 31

The main groupings of toxins by source are...

Back 31

mycotoxins (which are from fungi), bacterial toxins, algal toxins, animal venoms and plant toxins

Front 32

The primary groups of toxins based on physiological effects are ...

Back 32

neurotoxins, cytotoxins, enterotoxins and dermatoxins.

Front 33

Training and awareness of personnel is the primary way to limit the chemical and biological warfare impact. To accomplish this all personnel shall have access to ______ while in the workstations and be aware of ventilation controls, fittings, and closures that must be set immediately prior to an attack.

Back 33

Individual Protective Equipment (IPE)

Front 34

The decision to employ IPE is the most important decision in the risk management of chemical agent environments. This is due to extended wearing of various items of IPE will result in varying degrees of _______ to individual performance

Back 34

degradation

Front 35

IPE for chemical/biological agent environments consists of:

Back 35

- Protective mask MCU-2P with components (C-2 canister filter)

- Advanced chemical protective garment (ACPG) - Chemical protective gloves and liners

- Chemical protective overboots and laces

- Skin decontamination kit

Front 36

________ supplies are not considered IPE but are provided to complement the individual protection capability.

Back 36

Medical self-treatment

Front 37

The phased employment of IPE is specified by the increasingly stringent levels of _______, maintaining the proper ______ level as dictated by the tactical situation and environment is paramount

Back 37

MOPP