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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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111.1 Explain the following:
a. Chemical warfare b. Biological warfare c. Radiological effects d. Routes by which agents enter the body |
a. Chemical warfare- Chemical Warfare Produces physiological and psychological effect / Used in solid, liquid, and vapor form
Causes casualties / Degrades performance / Disrupts support Restricts maneuvers / US will not use in a First Strike unless attacked first. Types are Casualty(nerve, blister, choking, blood) Incapacitating(symptoms vary) Harassing(tear and vomiting gases) b. Biological warfare-The intentional release of living organisms or substances produced by living organisms to cause Death or Disease c. Radiological effects-Nuclear weapons produce explosions of great force and heat and release nuclear radiation. Their primary purpose is the mass destruction of property and personnel. d. Routes by which agents enter the body-Skin-Through secondary means such as water and food Eyes and linings of the mouth and nose. |
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111.2 Describe the purpose of the following:
a. Protective Mask b. Chemical protective ensemble c. Wet-weather clothing d. Atropine/2PAM Chloride e. Pocket dosimeter |
a. Protective Mask: M-40A mask protects against CB agents, radioactive fallout particles, and battlefield contaminants. It has a silicone face piece, 2-piece lens system, voicemitter, drink tube, and standard thread filter canister.
b. Chemical protective ensemble: Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology (JSLIST) is a Two piece suit that protects against all known chemical and biological agents.The chemical protective overgarment (CPO) is NOT to be used for radiological contamination. c. Wet-weather clothing: Provides complete protection against alpha/beta radiological contamination when worn with battle dress and antiflash gear. Also, Provides an extra layer of protection for the chemical protective overgarment. d. Atropine/2PAM Chloride: Used to counteract the effects of and relieve the symptoms of nerve agents only. e. Pocket dosimeter: Size and shape of a fountain pen. Measure exposure to radiation over a period of time. IM 143 used by the Seabees. |
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111.3 Describe the operation and maintenance of the protective mask: M-40A
a. Operation b. Maintenance |
a. Operation: Don mask, tighten straps, check for leaks.
b. Maintenance: You are to inspect, clean and service your mask. |
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111.4 Explain the three types of chemical warfare agents and their physical symptoms.
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Nerve Agents: Runny Nose
Tightness of chest with difficulty in breathing, Contraction of pupils, Nausea, cramps, headache, coma and convulsions. Symptoms can take place in 30 seconds when the dose is sufficiently heavy. Blood Agents:Range from convulsions to coma Interfere with the ability of oxygen-carrying cells to transfer oxygen to other body tissues Irritating effect on nasal passages. Blister Agents: Eyes have Redness and inflammation and Water, Skin starts to turn red after several hours Blisters appear on the skin with Throbbing pain and swelling may be observed |
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111.5 Describe the following types of nuclear explosions:
a. Air burst b. Surface burst c. Underwater burst d. Subsurface burst |
a. Air burst:Fire ball does not touch the earth All materials in fireball vaporized Maximize blast and thermal effect over large area
b. Surface burst: Fireball touches earth Surface material vaporized and lifted in air Produces large amounts of fallout Range of blast less than air burst c. Underwater burst: Practically all thermal radiation absorbed Large base serge is formed which billows up several hundred feet. d. Subsurface burst: produces a severe earth shock in area of explosion. |
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111.6 Describe the following effects of nuclear explosions: a. Blast
b. Burns c. Nuclear radiation d. Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) phenomenon |
a. Blast:Primary blast injuries result from the direct action of the air shock wave on the human body. Secondary blast injuries are caused mainly by collapsing buildings and by timber and other debris flung about by the blast.
b. Burns: Primary burns are a direct result of the thermal radiation from the bomb. Secondary burns are the result of fires caused by the explosion. Flash blindness c. Nuclear radiation: Alpha particles: Must be taken into the body through ingestion or cuts to be injurious. Beta particles: Enter through the skin or ingestion, carried in contaminated dust, dirt, or bomb residue. Gamma Rays: Pure energy and not easily stopped, can penetrate every region of the body damaging cells. Neutrons: The captured elements become radioactive and release gamma rays and beta particles. d. Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) phenomenon: an intense burst of radio- frequency radiation generated by a nuclear explosion which burns out most unprotected electrical and electronic equipment. |
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111.7 Define Mission Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) and discuss the levels.
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MOPP Level 0: Available For Immediate Donning. Enemy Threat Exists.
MOPP Level 1: Overgarment Worn. Attack in theater is possible. MOPP Level 2: Footwear covers added. Attack in theater is likely. MOPP Level 3: Mask and hood are now worn. CB threat high and Postattack. MOPP Level 4: Gloves donned. when the highest degree of protection is required. |
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111.8 Describe the correct procedures for inspecting, maintaining, and donning the
chemical protective ensemble. |
Check Packaging Expiration date, Tears, Keep dry Store in bag when not worn, Avoid POLs, Don Trousers, Smock, Overboots, Mask, then Gloves.
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111.9 Describe the colors and markings on the NATO CBR marker signs.
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CHEMICAL: Yellow Triangle GAS in red 2-inch letters placed on the side facing away from contamination.
BIOLOGICAL: Blue with BIO in Red. RADIOLOGICAL: White triangle with ATOM in black. |
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111.10 Describe the color that the M-9 chemical agent detector tape displays
after it comes in contact with a liquid nerve or blister agent. |
M9 Paper Detects the presence of liquid nerve and blister agents. Spots or streaks on the paper appear pink, red-brown, red-purple, or any shade of red, assume it has been exposed to a chemical agent.
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111.11 Describe the colors that M-8 paper turns after it comes in contact with a liquid nerve or blister agent.
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V-Type Nerve agent turns the paper green.
G-Type Nerve agent turns the paper yellow. Blister agent turns the paper red. 25 sheets of M-8 per book. Use white light to read at night. Blot the paper; never rub to test for agent. |
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111.12 Explain the following as it applies to nerve agents:
a. Symptoms b. Contents of the NAAK MK 1 c. Treatment (self and buddy aid) |
a. Symptoms of nerve agent: Runny Nose, Drooling, head ache, blurry vision, Stomach Cramps, Nausa, General f#cked feeling, Vomiting, Convustions, Unconsciousness,Respiratory failure, Pinpoint pupils.
b. Contents of the NAAK MK Auto-injectors: 1 ea Atropine 1 ea 2PAM Chloride c. Treatment (self and buddy aid): Inject in the meaty part of thigh atropine, hold against thigh for at least 10 seconds. Next Follow immediately with injecton of 2-pam chloride and hold for at least 10 seconds. Bend needle to form a hook and place on left arm pocket. Wait 10 - 15 minutes before administering second series of injections (no more than three) For your Buddy, Mask him, Use his NAAK administer three sets of injections immediately and in rapid succession in the thigh muscle of the leg. Hook the expended autoinjectors to the overgarment pocket flap of the casualty. |
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111.13 Describe the steps and procedures in utilizing the M-295 and M-291 decontamination kits.
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M291 Skin Decontamination Kit Wallet-like pouch with 6 decon packets Black, reactive, and absorbent resin power Attached strap for inserting finger. M-295 is a larger version of M291 and is used for equipment decon.
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