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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Medium?
Give an Example |
- the space between what you think IS and what I think IS
- ex. art, dance, graffitic, architecture, music, fashion |
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Art as non- traditional media; who is important and why?
(5PTS) |
- Rothko for the Seagram's murals
- founding father of abstract expressionism - combined surrealism and expressionism - this type of art appealed to the emotional subconscious and it was hoped that an art piece would make the viewer have a serious "gut" reaction - gives perspective, social critique |
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Dance as non-traditional media; who is important and why?
(4PTS) |
- Aszure Barton- Canadian choregrapher from Edmonton
- introduced BUSK mimic basic actions of busking - mass communication - sensual |
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Graffiti as non-traditional media
(2PTS) |
- idea of the city as a canvas, breaking outside the normal "frames" of art providing space for public viewing and public commentary
- social critique and informative |
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Jazz Music as non-traditional media (2PTS)
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- music unifies, negotiates and improvises a new experience each time it is played.
- celebration, fusion of ideas relationship building |
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Architecture as non-traditional media (3PTS)
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- building shaped like a pencil; writing history onto landscape in Vancouver
- history, collective identity - group communication |
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Jeans as non-traditional media
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- originally for ship workers
- used in military, hippie movement and it became mainstream in the 70s and 80s - individual expression |
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What does Plato's Cave Analogy depict? (4PTS)
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- depicting the distinction between appearance and truth (the difference between the image and reality)
- the shadows, taken by the prisoners to be reality because that is all they have ever seen, are in fact mere representations of real things - the prisoners are living an illusion mistaking the image for relaity - Plato's point is that without knowing, most of us live the same way |
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How can we today be related to the prisoners in Plato's cave?
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- like the prisoners, we are often faced with the inability to make any distinction between truth and falsehood, becuase without actually seeing something in reality, we have no basis for comparison
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What is the very basis of modern communications studies?
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whether people have distorted views of reality as a consequence of what they see at the movies, on television, or through any other medium
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What lesson does Plato want us to understand from his Cave Analogy?
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- media, like painting and poetry, have the effect of drawing us away from or distorting reality, because as mere copies of real things, they cannot make any claim to be true.
- We should be skeptical about any claims that images give us the truth about reality |
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What does Plato say about "writing"?
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-writing only has the APPEARANCE of wisdom or truth; in effect writing is dead speach
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What does Plato believe about communication?
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- only face to face communication dialogue ensures that ideas are properly understood
- human contact diminishes as we turn more and more to media for our information |
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What is "dystopia"?
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A society full of misery and disease; the opposite of utopia
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What does social theorist Jurgen Habermas contend about media?
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- helps disseminate knowledge as well around the globe
- even though it can be controlled or blocked (this goes back to Plato saying it has mostly bad qualities) |
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Describe the notion of "imagined community"?- Who came up with this idea?
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- Benedict Anderson- with everyday ritual of newspaper we are part of this imagined community that lacks direct human interaction
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Key concepts about media?
(4PTS) |
- all media were "new media" at one time or another
- media may reinfoce older ways of living or believing yet at the same time have a modernizing influence - there is no going back after the advent of a new medium - a function of media is to provide external means (notebooks, photographs) with which we can store our memories - what we know about ourselves as humans arises from the media, which enable us to gather and store information about ourselves |
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What did Niklas Luhmann state about media?
Waht did Kittler say about media? |
anything that counts as knowledge today is stored somewhere
- technology is our basis for making sense of ourselves then we are stored somewhere too |
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What is simple mediated comm?
(3 types) Different types and examples GENERAL QUALITY? |
- Intrapersonal comm.: comm with self- language internal to the communicator (ex. talking to urself)
- Interpersonal comm.: comm between 2 people (face-to-face) - Group comm.: comm. b/w 3 or more ppl- small group comm (roundtable discussion, lectures, public speeches) LEAST PEOPLE RECEIVE |
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What is complex mediated comm?
Different types and examples GENERAL QUALITY? |
- dialogic mediated comm: comm through some technology enhanced medium where message is 2 way (ex telephone, texting, email, facebook)
- mass mediated comm: through some technologically enhanced medium from one source to many with limited/controlled feedback (ex tv, radio, newspapers, books) MOST PEOPLE RECEIVE |
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Discuss the importance of TRUE COMMUNICATION?
(4 PTS) |
- technology doesnt take over function of communication from humans
- true communication entails sharing an inner experience - Lowenthal argues we experience a loss where media takes something away; instead of connecting us it gets in the way of true communication - successive media makes the problem worse because it takes us farther and farther away from true communication |
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What are proxemics?
What is kinesics? What are haptics? |
- study of personal space
- study of body language (eyes, facial expression) - study of touching in communication |
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What does communication carry?
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- all comm involves the transmission of ideas or symbolic representations of reality and NOT reality itself
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What are some fundamental issues in comm studies?
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- can you ever communicate an idea to another as you see that idea in your mind?
- can you ever have a true "meeting of the minds?" - can words ever describe something perfectly? |
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Substance? form?
Form -good/bad |
- matter particular to itself; as it exists in the world (wax and a pewter)
- a distinct singular thing but causes plural representation about it self in particular objects (candle and holder but it could havve been shaped into endless different shapes) - a mental image we gander of a real-world concrete or abstract concept, -good thing is they give us a general understanding of things we may not otherwise have been able to experience in real life (ex elephant, never seen one but have a pretty good idea) -bad thing is they are representations of the real not the real themselves so sometimes misrepresent the real |
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What are the levels of knowing?
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- through substance: matter particular to itself; as it exists in the world
- through form: distinct singular thing but causes plural representations of self. you can touch these things and see them and come to know them - through Form: you can know through others, through talk, through education, but never actually empirically see those things |
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Explain Plato's cave analogy in Katie's terms? (3PTS)
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- prisoners sit watching wall and see only shadows of things that exist in the world
- within our terms its like only knowing Forms; learning about things you never actually encounter in the real world - philosopher or critical thinker is the person who gets pulled out of the cave or escapes from the cave and encounters the real world and goes back in and can see the difference between the world and the Forms-- the ideas about them |
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What did Rene Margritte talk about?
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- the treachery of images; "this is not a pipe"
- the dog; it is a picture of a dog but not the real thing |
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What are semiotics?
What does mediate mean? |
- the study of signs and symbols, especially as a means of language or communication
- to stand between two positions or parties, and convey a message between them |
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What is language?
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- a communal phenomena
- users share rules and codes (verbs etc) |
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What is parole?
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the using of language; speech, the individual act of using language, the actual speaker or writer makes use of langue to produce a recognizable linguistic utterance
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What is a "sign" accourding to de Saussaure?
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- form (image, sound, word)
- concept in your mind form refers to is the sign |
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What is dialogism?
What is orality? |
- theory that linguistic meaning is produced only through dialogue between speakers of a language
-spoken communication; has fundamentally different characteristics from written language |
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According to de Saussure, how do we make meaning in comm?
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- sign = signifier+signified
- denotation/connotation - langue/ parole |
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What are the two types of signs?
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-natural sign: arising out of nature without intention (illness symptoms, rustling leaves)
- conventional sign: sign created with human intention (words, gestures) |
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What is the Denotative Level?
What is the Connotative Level? |
- dictionary definition of the word, the literal meaning lasting over time
- the cultural or social or situational meaning of a word, changes from context to time and place |
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What was a disagreement between Baktin and Saussure?
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- Saussure treated language as a system of laws over which speakers had no control
- Baktin opposed the idea that language resides only outside the individual as a symbolic system of representation... Baktin said that meaning is produced in dialogue when different speakers of language speak to each other |
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What was Bakhtin's argument?
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- language is designed for dialogue; it only gains meaning when it communicates. When there is a speaker to send it and an audienve to listen
- speaker controls language |
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What is language reappropriation?
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- Bakhtin suggests speaker is one in control of language rather than being controlled by language
- power plays a role in language |
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What does Alternative Media mean?
(3PTS) |
- typically engage in efforts to create social, political, or economic change and often promote a radical agenda
- confronts biases embedded in ways of viewing the world and offers possibilities for envisioning different ways of thinking - emphasize CAUSES of events more than mainstream media does |
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What does Mainstream Media mean?
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- newspaper, radio, television and internet sites mostly owned by corporations which produce content and widely disseminate it for a general audience
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What are Dominant Discourses?
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- definitions of events and issues that emphasize the interests and elites interests without challenging the political or economic status quo
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What is Definitional Determinism?
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- the idea that social reality gets defined by our concepts, not that reality defines our concepts
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What are Discourses?
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- definitions of events and issues that emphasize the interests of elites, without challenging the political or economic status quo
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What is an ideology?
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- value or belief system that is accepted as fact or truth by some group
- composed as a set of attitudes or connected beliefs |
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Raymond Williams definition of Media (3PTS)
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-"media" is plural form of "medium"
- medium is something taht comes between two or more different parties - example: money as a medium of exchange, television as a medium of advertisisng |
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Harold Laswell defines medium as?
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- "who says what to whom in which channel with what effect?"
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What is the Communicative Function of media?
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- media serve as a means through which we communicate with one another
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What is the disempowering/empowering function of media?
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- media serve as the means through which dominant ideas are communicated, and thus are part of the exercise of power . media also serve to empower those who wish to resist power
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What is the remedial function of media?
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- the newest media remind us of older technologies of communication
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What is Liberalism?
Conservatism? Socialism? |
- individual freedom and lack of state intervention
- cohesion, unity, preservation, tradition - a classless common good for all |
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Libertarian theory of press?
Social Responsibility theory? Authoritarian theory? |
- press is watchdog
- press is 5th estate - tool of authority |
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What are the two types of regulations in Canada for Media?
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- restrictive regulations: limit certain ideas, expressions or communicators from communicating ex. Ernst Zundel- holocaust denier
- promotional regulations: support certain ideas, expressions or communications over other forms, promotional expression often created to make space for marginalized voices |
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Arguments for tariff against American media?
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- puritanical: American magazines corrupted canadian youth
- economic: magazine publishing is a major Canadian industry and American magazines impigned the development and growth of local initiatives - nationalist: magazine promoted American values beliefs NOT Canada's |
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Canada regulates media based on?
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- moral imperatives: nothing defamatory, obscene or hate crimes
- economic imperatives: control impact of America on Canadian Media - nationalistic imperatives: promotional and restrictive regulation to support certain cultural expressions and keep out too many foreign expressions |
