Colonial Period To The American Revolution

Front 1

The earliest inhabitants of America, the Native Americans, are believed to have arrived on the continent by crossing a land bridge which connected _______ to present day Alaska.

Back 1

Siberia. The earliest inhabitants of America, the Native Americans, are believed to have arrived on the continent by crossing a land bridge which connected Siberia to present day Alaska.Over 10,000 years ago, a slowly receding glacier left open a neck of land between Siberia and present-day Alaska. Waves of people made their way into America across this bridge before it was covered by ocean waters.

Front 2

The Treaty of ___________, established in 1494, divided land between Spain and Portugal in the Americas.

Back 2

Tordesillas. The Treaty of Tordesillas, established in 1494, divided land between Spain and Portugal in the Americas. The Treaty of Tordesillas was agreed upon between Spain and Portugal in 1494. Originally the pope set the "Line of Demarcation" to split up the New World, but it was unfair to the Portuguese, so the two countries worked out their own line.

Front 3

_____ used armies led by Conquistadores to conquer the Americas from the Indians.

Back 3

Spain. Spain used armies led by Conquistadores to conquer the Americas from the Indians. "Conquistadores" were Spanish adventurers who led soldiers in exploring and seizing American land. Often the European diseases they carried with them were more effective than their weapons in wiping out the Indians.

Front 4

In 1513, _____________________, a Spanish conquistador, crossed the isthmus of Panama and became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean.

Back 4

Vasco nunezde balboa. In 1513, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, a Spanish conquistador, crossed the isthmus of Panama and became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean.

Front 5

__________________ was a Spanish conquistador who explored and claimed Florida in 1513 (same year as Balboa discovered the Pacific).

Back 5

Juan ponce de leon. Juan Ponce de Leon was a Spanish conquistador who explored and claimed Florida in 1513 (same year as Balboa discovered the Pacific). Ponce de Leon searched for gold and the "fountain of youth," and in the process claimed Florida for Spain.

Front 6

In 1519, _______________, a Spanish conquistador, led an army against the Aztec Indians of Mexico.F

Back 6

Hernando cortes. In 1519, Hernando Cortes, a Spanish conquistador, led an army against the Aztec Indians of Mexico. Cortes led an expedition to conquer the Aztec Indians. He ended up wiping out the Aztec empire and getting substantial wealth

Front 7

________________ led a 600-man expedition through the southeastern portion of North America. He was buried on the banks of the Mississippi River.

Back 7

Hernando de soto. Hernando de Soto led a 600-man expedition through the southeastern portion of North America. He was buried on the banks of the Mississippi River. Hernando de Soto was a Spanish Conquistador and played a big role in broadening Spain's knowledge of North America. He landed in Florida in 1539 and led the largest expedition of the 16th and 17th century through the southeast and midwest of the present-day United States.

Front 8

__________________ was a Spanish conquistador who started in Mexico, and explored what is now the southwestern United States

Back 8

Francisco vasquez de coronado. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado was a Spanish conquistador who started in Mexico, and explored what is now the southwestern United States. Coronado explored what is now the southwestern US. His men ended up being the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon.He set out about the same time as de Soto; his goal was to find the "Seven Cities of Cibola," which were supposedly full of gold

Front 9

In 1497, __________, an Italian explorer, set out to find a Northwest Passage, and ended up claiming mainland North America for England.

Back 9

John cabot. In 1497, John Cabot, an Italian explorer, set out to find a Northwest Passage, and ended up claiming mainland North America for England. John Cabot was looking for the Northwest Passage--a route to Asia going through the Americas. He found none, but ended up hitting mainland North America and claiming it for England.

Front 10

In 1534, _______________ a French explorer, claimed portions of Canada for France.

Back 10

Jacques cartier. In 1534, Jacques Cartier a French explorer, claimed portions of Canada for France. Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence river, hoping to find a Northwest Passage to Asia. He ended up claiming large portions of present day Canada for France.

Front 11

The ______ city in North America is St Augustine, Florida.

Back 11

Oldest. The oldest city in North America is St Augustine, Florida. St. Augustine, in Florida, was originally built as a fort to protect Spanish land.

Front 12

In 1588, Spain sent a mighty fleet, the Spanish ______, to conquer England. This fleet was destroyed by the English navy, and resulted in a war between England and Spain which lasted until 1604.

Back 12

Armada. In 1588, Spain sent a mighty fleet, the Spanish Armada, to conquer England. This fleet was destroyed by the English navy, and resulted in a war between England and Spain which lasted until 1604.

Front 13

The _________ settlement in Virginia was financed by a group of English merchants who formed the London Company.

Back 13

Jamestown. The Jamestown settlement in Virginia was financed by a group of English merchants who formed the London Company.It was given a charter by the king to set up a colony in Virginia. Its goal was profit--not to set up an agricultural community, but a trading post which earned gold.

Front 14

Sir ______________ started the first English settlement in North America on Roanoke Island, and named a portion of land "Virginia."

Back 14

Walter raleigh. Sir Walter Raleigh started the first English settlement in North America on Roanoke Island, and named a portion of land "Virginia." Sir Walter Raleigh named the mainland area he intended to colonize Virginia, but Roanoke Island was actually off the coast of present day North Carolina. Roanoke Island did not last long; it was found deserted when the leader returned from a trip to England.

Front 15

The first permanent settlement in North America by the English was _________. It looked doomed to failure like previous attempts, had it not been for the leadership of John Smith

Back 15

Jamestown. The first permanent settlement in North America by the English was Jamestown. It looked doomed to failure like previous attempts, had it not been for the leadership of John Smith. Jamestown, Virginia, was the first permanent settlement by the English in North America. John Smith's leadership was key to its survival.

Front 16

In 1612, __________ started growing Tobacco in Virginia, which became a huge cash crop, and motivated England to increase its attempts at settlement.

Back 16

John rolfe. In 1612, John Rolfe started growing Tobacco in Virginia, which became a huge cash crop, and motivated England to increase its attempts at settlement. John Rolfe discovered that tobacco grew well in Virginia. There was a lucrative market for tobacco in Europe, so this gave England a compelling reason to want to colonize America

Front 17

In an effort to encourage _________ to settle in Virginia, English settlers were promised the same rights as people in England--this resulted in the first representative assembly in America, the House of Burgesses.

Back 17

Colonists. In an effort to encourage colonists to settle in Virginia, English settlers were promised the same rights as people in England--this resulted in the first representative assembly in America, the House of Burgesses. The House of Burgesses was the first representative assembly in the English colonies.

Front 18

__________ servants differed from slaves in that they were free after working for a specified period of time. Also, they had legal rights that could be enforced in court, and there was no social stigma attached to this type of servitude.

Back 18

Indentured. Indentured servants differed from slaves in that they were free after working for a specified period of time. Also, they had legal rights that could be enforced in court, and there was no social stigma attached to this type of servitude.Indentured servants were people who paid for their passage from Europe by agreeing to work without pay for a specified time period. Unlike slaves, they were free after fulfilling their contract, and had legal rights. Many settlers in Virginia and Maryland paid their way there by agreeing to work as indentured servants.

Front 19

The French established a successful fur trade with the Indians in North America. In 1608, a French explorer named ___________________ established a trading post in Quebec, which was the beginning of "New France."

Back 19

Samuel de champlain. The French established a successful fur trade with the Indians in North America. In 1608, a French explorer named Samuel de Champlain established a trading post in Quebec, which was the beginning of "New France."

Front 20

In 1609, _______ sent Henry Hudson to search for the Northwestern Passage through America to Asia. He ended up discovering a large river named after him.

Back 20

Holland. In 1609, Holland sent Henry Hudson to search for the Northwestern Passage through America to Asia. He ended up discovering a large river named after him. Henry Hudson sailed to North America trying to find a Northwestern Passage. He ended up finding the Hudson River. The Dutch went on to establish a profitable fur trade on present-day Manhattan Island, which they named New Amsterdam.

Front 21

In 1620, the ________ came from England in the Mayflower and settled Cape Cod, Massachusetts.Fi

Back 21

Pilgrims. In 1620, the Pilgrims came from England in the Mayflower and settled Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The Pilgrims were originally known as the Separatists, left England for religious freedom, and settled Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

Front 22

Founded in ____, the most important colony founded in the Massachusetts Bay area was the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Back 22

1629. Founded in 1629, the most important colony founded in the Massachusetts Bay area was the Massachusetts Bay Colony.The colony was founded by the Puritans and many of their democratic ideas heavily influenced other English speaking colonies. Many of the early colonists fled to America to escape the religious persecution of King James I.

Front 23

The ________ settled Massachusetts in large numbers under the leadership of John Winthrop

Puritans

Back 23

The Puritans settled Massachusetts shortly after the Pilgrims. By 1642, there were over 20,000 puritan settlers.

Front 24

The ________ who founded the New England colony did not believe in separation of church and state--they followed strict moral codes which were enforced by the government.

Back 24

Puritans. The Puritans who founded the New England colony did not believe in separation of church and state--they followed strict moral codes which were enforced by the government.The Puritans followed strict moral codes. Judges administered the laws of the colony and the rules of the church. Education was important to the Puritans, and they had a high literacy rate because every person needed to be able to read the Bible.

Front 25

A puritan preacher, ______________, founded Providence, Rhode Island after being asked to leave Massachusetts for his disruptive activities.

Back 25

Roger williams. A puritan preacher, Roger Williams, founded Providence, Rhode Island after being asked to leave Massachusetts for his disruptive activities. Roger Williams was a Puritan preacher who ended up fleeing from Massachusetts and founding Providence. He later combined Providence, Portsmouth and several other settlements to create Rhode Island.

Front 26

_______________ was banished from Massachusetts by the Puritans and ended up founding Portsmouth.

Back 26

Anne hutchinson. Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts by the Puritans and ended up founding Portsmouth. Anne Hutchinson founded Portsmouth, in what is now Rhode Island

Front 27

In 1636, _____________ left Massachusetts and founded Hartford.

Back 27

Thomas hooker. In 1636, Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts and founded Hartford. Thomas Hooker led a group of settlers to found Hartford, in what is now Connecticut.

Front 28

The _____________ colony was founded primarily to show the world how a proper Christian society should be.

Back 28

Massachusetts. The Massachusetts colony was founded primarily to show the world how a proper Christian society should be. The Puritans settled Massachusetts with the intent of creating a model Christian community. Religious freedom was a secondary reason.

Front 29

Roger William's colony, Rhode Island, was unique in that it granted complete _________ toleration.

Back 29

Religious. Roger William's colony, Rhode Island, was unique in that it granted complete religious toleration.

Front 30

____________ was one of the colonies which did not have an established church, and was known for its climate of freedom and diversity, with Quakers, Presbyterians, Catholics, and Jews settling there.

Back 30

Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania was one of the colonies which did not have an established church, and was known for its climate of freedom and diversity, with Quakers, Presbyterians, Catholics, and Jews settling there.Pennsylvania, founded by William Penn, was known for its complete religious freedom, as opposed to mere religious toleration. It was one of the four colonies which did not have an established church--the other three being New Jersey, Delaware, and Rhode Island.

Front 31

_____ believed that there should be no government interference with religion, and established Rhode Island.

Back 31

Roger williams. Roger Williams believed that there should be no government interference with religion, and established Rhode Island.After being banished from New England, Roger Williams founded the Rhode Island colony. Part of the reason he was banned from New England was that he was outspoken on his belief that the government should not have control over religion.

Front 32

________ was founded as a refuge for English Catholics, and was a gift from the King of England to Lord Baltimore for his loyalty.

Back 32

Maryland. Maryland was founded as a refuge for English Catholics, and was a gift from the King of England to Lord Baltimore for his loyalty. Maryland was founded by Lord Baltimore, and guaranteed political rights to all Christians.

Front 33

_______ was the first English colony founded for trade and profit instead of for religious reasons.

Back 33

Virginia. Virginia was the first English colony founded for trade and profit instead of for religious reasons. Most of the earliest colonies were founded for religious reasons; Virginia was founded for trade and profit--primarily through the growth of tobacco.

Front 34

The ______________ colony developed as an overflow from the Virginia colony.

Back 34

North carolina. The North Carolina colony developed as an overflow from the Virginia colony. The North Carolina colony was founded by settlers who drifted down from Virginia. Originally, the Carolinas were one colony, but differences in interest and outlook resulted intwo different colonies.

Front 35

The ______________ colony was settled by emigrants from the overcrowded West Indies. They started Charleston, named after the King, and had rice as a cash crop.

Back 35

South carolina. The South Carolina colony was settled by emigrants from the overcrowded West Indies. They started Charleston, named after the King, and had rice as a cash crop. The South Carolina colony was settled by emigrants from the West Indies. From the beginning, South Carolina had slavery as a fully developed institution.

Front 36

The _____ colony of New Netherlands was conquered by James, the Duke of York, the brother of King Charles II, and became New York.

Back 36

Dutch. The Dutch colony of New Netherlands was conquered by James, the Duke of York, the brother of King Charles II, and became New York. James, the Duke of York, conquered New Netherlands with little bloodshed. He renamed it New York

Front 37

he __________ colony was founded by two of the proprietors who owned the Carolinas.

Back 37

New jersey. The New Jersey colony was founded by two of the proprietors who owned the Carolinas. New Jersey was founded when King James II granted a chunk of New York to two of the original Carolinas proprietors.

Front 38

The ___________ colony had a significantly higher life expectancy and literacy rate than the other colonies.

Back 38

New england. The New England colony had a significantly higher life expectancy and literacy rate than the other colonies. The New England colony, predominantly Puritan, had a life expectancy 25-30 years higher than other colonists. They were also better educated.

Front 39

In colonial times, _____ slaves were at the bottom of Southern society.

Back 39

Black. In colonial times, black slaves were at the bottom of Southern society.

Front 40

By the early __________ century, black slaves outnumbered the white population of South Carolina.

Back 40

Eighteenth. By the early eighteenth century, black slaves outnumbered the white population of South Carolina. Due to the large numbers of slaves imported, by the early 18th century, black slaves outnumbered the white population in South Carolina. There were a large number of slaves in the Chesapeake colonies as well, but South Carolina had the most since it was dominated by large populations.

Front 41

The objective of British ____________ was to maximize the nation's wealth.

Back 41

Mercantilism. The objective of British Mercantilism was to maximize the nation's wealth.British mercantilism, which is taken from the word "merchant," involved managing the economy, as opposed to allowing free markets, to maximize profits for Britain.

Front 42

The __________ Acts passed by the British Parliament severely limited with who and how the colonies could trade. There were four parts to these Acts, passed between 1651 and 1673.

Back 42

Navigation. The Navigation Acts passed by the British Parliament severely limited with who and how the colonies could trade. There were four parts to these Acts, passed between 1651 and 1673. The Navigation Acts were passed, limiting who the colonies could trade with. It drove down the price of American goods, and raised the price of British goods, angering the colonists.

Front 43

Under the __________ Acts, certain products could be shipped only to England. At the same time, the colonies gained an advantage in the British market for many of these products, to include iron, raw silk, hemp, and Naval stores (i.e. masts, tar, pitch).

Back 43

Navigation. Under the Navigation Acts, certain products could be shipped only to England. At the same time, the colonies gained an advantage in the British market for many of these products, to include iron, raw silk, hemp, and Naval stores (i.e. masts, tar, pitch).Iron, raw silk, hemp, and naval stores are examples of some items for which Great Britain gave the colonies a market advantage. Naval stores include items such as masts, yards, bowsprits, etc.--the northern colonies were known for their shipbuilding.

Front 44

In 1676, England sent troops and ships to Virginia as a result of _____'s Rebellion, led by Nathaniel Bacon.

Back 44

Bacon. In 1676, England sent troops and ships to Virginia as a result of Bacon's Rebellion, led by Nathaniel Bacon. Bacon's Rebellion was started by Nathaniel Bacon. He ended up dying of dysentery, but as a result England sent troops to Virginia, and tried to run the colony more strictly

Front 45

In 1675, around 2000 settlers were killed by _______ in what is known as King Phillip's War.

Back 45

ndians. In 1675, around 2000 settlers were killed by Indians in what is known as King Phillip's War. King Phillip's War, led by Wampanoag chief King Phillip, resulted in the death of around 2000 settlers.

Front 46

King _____ II had a plan to create a unified government for New England, New York, and New Jersey, which he planned on calling the Dominion of New England.

Back 46

James. King James II had a plan to create a unified government for New England, New York, and New Jersey, which he planned on calling the Dominion of New England. This was to be called the Dominion of New England, and would get rid of the representative assemblies currently in those colonies, and would impose the Church of Englandon the Puritans.

Front 47

A total of __ people were killed in the Salem Witch Trials in Salem Village

Back 47

20. A total of 20 people wer

Front 48

Pennsylvania was founded as a ______ for a group of people called the Quakers, who wanted to escape persecution for their beliefs.

Back 48

Pennsylvania was founded as a refuge for the Quakers by William Penn. Penn received the land for Pennsylvania from King Charles and personally worked to maintain peaceful relations with the local Indians.

Front 49

King William's War, which was mainly fought in Europe did result in raids by Indians. It eventually was resolved with the Treaty of _______.

Back 49

King William's War in Rayswick was primarily fought in Europe, and lasted 8 years.

ing William's War in 1689 was primarily fought in Europe, and lasted 8 years

Front 50

Queen Anne's War, started in 1702 against France and Spain, gave Britain major territorial gains and trade advantages. It was ended with the Treaty of Utrecht.

Back 50

Queen Anne's War was started in 1702, and lasted 11 years

Front 51

In 1739, King George's War was fought with France and Spain, and was the first of England's wars in which the colonist troops played a major role. It was ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Back 51

King George's War lasted nine years, and thousands of colonial troops were killed fighting the French.

Front 52

The Georgia colony was founded in 1732 to act as a buffer between South Carolina and Florida. It was to be settled by the debtors and paupers who filled English jails.

Back 52

General James Oglethorpe founded the Georgia colony, which ended up being a lot like South Carolina

Front 53

Prior to the American Revolution, Tobacco from the Chesapeake region accounted for nearly half of Britains trade with the colonies.

Back 53

Before the cotton gin, tobacco was the most profitable crop to grow in America, and accounted for nearly half of the colonies' exports. Before the American Revolution, due to the Navigation Acts, the colonies were not allowed to exportproducts to countries other than Britain.

Front 54

The headright system was implemented by the London Company in Virginia to stimulate immigration. Every head of family already in Virginia received 50 acres of land, and 50 acres of land was given to every person who came to the colony.

Back 54

his was known as the "headright" system. The London Company owned the charter for Virginia, and hoped to populate its colony without expense by offering the one resource it had plenty of--land.

Front 55

n the 18th century, an intellectual movement was occurring in Europe, centered around the concept of rationalism. This movement was known as the Enlightenment.

Back 55

The Enlightenment movement was embraced by some Americans, and one of the most famous American followers was Ben Franklin.

Front 56

An English philosopher during the "Enlightenment" came up with a set of natural laws, saying that governments who did not provide the rights of life, liberty, and property could be overthrown. His name was John Locke.

Back 56

John Locke came up with this "law of nature," which many Americans equated with the universal law of God.

Front 57

The author of Poor Richard's Almanac was --- and it contained bits of wisdom and humor.

Back 57

Benjamin Franklin

Front 58

From the 1720's the 1740's a movement known as the Great Awakening occurred in the colonies, resulting in the founding of some Ivy League Schools and a division in the religious community between "Old Lights", and "New Lights. "

Back 58

The Great Awakening was a time of religious revivals, and resulted in a division in the religious community.

Front 59

The French and Indian War was started in 1754 when George Washington was ordered to lead militiamen to expel the French settling in Western Pennsylvania.

Back 59

The French and Indian War lasted seven years, and was known as the "Seven Year's War" in Europe.

Front 60

The French and Indian War resulted in France losing all of its lands in North America, and expanded Britain's holdings to include Canada and the lands east of the Mississippi River.

Back 60

The French and Indian War, ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris resulted in enormous expansion of England's land holdings in North America.

Front 61

In 1763, George Grenville became prime minister of England, and was the first in a string of English leaders who agitatedthe colonists to the point of the Revolutionary war.

Back 61

George Grenville passed laws through Parliament such as the Sugar Act, the Proclamation of 1763, and the Stamp Act.Your Answer:

Front 62

The Sugar Act of 1764 was the first act passed by the English Parliament to raise tax revenues in the American colonies. The purpose of the new revenue was to pay off the English debts incurred during the French and Indian War.

Back 62

George Grenville pushed the Sugar Act through Parliament in 1764. It required high taxes be paid on goods imported into the colonies including molasses and sugar. Additionally the Act complicated the shipment of colonial goods requiring ship's captains to fill out a variety of confusing forms, the failure to do so resulting in the entire cargo being subject to seizure. Also, the Sugar Act ignored traditional government protections for a fair trial. Americans suspected of smuggling were no longer to be tried by a jury of their peers and instead were tried by judges of the Royal Admiralty. These British judges would receive five percent of any confiscated cargo and therefore were very motivated to find suspects guilty.

Front 63

The Proclamation of 1763, passed by George Grenville, did not allow settlers to move west of the Appalachians.

Back 63

The Proclamation of 1763 forbade settlers from moving west of the Appalachians, and was supposed to appease the Indians, who were constantly attacking settlers and costing England a lot of money.

Front 64

The Currency Act of 1764 made it illegal for the colonies to issue paper money and required taxes be paid in gold or silver, also known as "specie".

Back 64

Specie means "hard money" and in the time of the American colonies it usually meant silver but it could also mean gold

Front 65

The Stamp Act passed in 1765 was the first tax imposed directly on the Americans, and required them to purchase revenue stamps for practically anything they purchased

Back 65

The Stamp Act, passed because of George Grenville, was one of the significant things that England did which made the colonists angry and suspicious.

Front 66

Samuel Adams formed the Sons of --- to resist English tyranny as a result of the Stamp Act and other unfair laws.Your Answer:

Back 66

Liberty

Front 67

Grenville was replaced with Lord Rockingham, who repealed the hated Stamp Act, and passed the Declaratory Act, which stated that England had the right to impose any laws or taxes on the colonies.

Back 67

The Declaratory Act was aimed at the Americans' complaints of "taxation without representation." Most Americans, happy with the repeal of the Stamp Act, ignored the Declaratory Act.

Front 68

George Grenville was replaced by Lord Rockingham, who was quickly replaced by Charles Townshend, who passed theTownshend Acts. What was known as the Boston Massacre occurred soon after.

Back 68

Charles Townshend had Parliament pass what was known as the Townshend Acts, which was another attempt by England to impose taxes on the colonists. Many colonists resisted, and five Bostonians were killed in the "Boston Massacre."

Front 69

Charles Townshend was replaced by Lord North, and all taxes were repealed except for the tax on tea. Relations settled down between the colonists and England until the Tea Act of 1773.

Back 69

The Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773. This lowered the cost of British tea, making it cheaper than smuggled tea even though it was taxed. This resulted in the Boston Tea Party, where Bostonians dressed as Indians boarded a British merchant ship and threw the tea overboard.

Front 70

Under the Navigation Acts, England had a monopoly over the American colonies' shipping.

Back 70

The Navigation Acts were meant to make the colonies and parent country dependent on each other--foreign vessels could not trade with English colonies, English vessels had a monopoly over all colonial shipping, and for certain products, the colonies could only trade with England, and the English merchants could only purchase these products from the colonies.

Front 71

The Boston Tea Party was Boston's response to the Tea Act of 1773, and involved people dressed as Indians boarding a British merchant ship and dumping the tea overboard.

Back 71

The Boston Tea Party was organized by the Sons of Liberty, who dressed as Indians and dumped thousands of dollars worth of tea into the ocean.

Front 72

The Tea Act gave the British __________ Company a monopoly on all tea shipped to America, allowing the East India Company to charge prices lower than the tea smuggled in by colonial merchants.

Back 72

The Tea Act, also known as the East India Company Act, resulted in the Boston Tea Party as Americans resisted buying British tea. In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts.

Front 73

The British response to the Boston Tea Party in the form of five acts was known by the Americans as the Intolerable Acts.Your Answer:

Back 73

The colonists called the Quebec Act and the four acts passed in response to the Boston Tea Party the "Intolerable Acts."

Front 74

In response to the Coercive Acts, which the colonists called the Intolerable Acts, the First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in September 1774.

Back 74

The First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and tried to negotiate with Parliament, in addition to calling for the colonists to boycott and to prepare local militias to respond to possible use of military force by the English.

Front 75

The Continental Congress of 1774 resulted in the adoption of the Suffolk Resolves which declared the Intolerable Acts unconstitutional.

Back 75

Additionally, the Suffolk Resolves created a colonial association to enforce the non-importation boycott.

Front 76

The Intolerable Acts placed the Massachusetts colony under military rule and forced colonists to provide food and housing for the soldiers who ruled them.

Back 76

These were two of the main acts in the five acts known as the Intolerable Acts. In response to the Intolerable Acts, the First Continental Congress met to assert American rights and demand repeal of the Intolerable Acts.

Front 77

The First Continental Congress was created in answer to the Intolerable Acts. England decided to ignore this Congress, however, and marched on Concord, starting the Revolutionary War.

Back 77

They marched on Concord, Massachusetts, intending to destroy a stockpile of colonial arms. The arms were gone, but a skirmish between colonial militia and the British broke out. This was the beginning of the Revolutionary War.

Front 78

The bloodiest battle of the war was fought at Bunker Hill, on June 17, 1775. Over one thousand British soldiers were killed or wounded.

Back 78

The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought when the Americans fortified a hill from which they planned to bombard the British troops who were occupying Boston. The British lost over a thousand men trying to seize control of this hill.

Front 79

In May, 1775, the Second Continental Congress met, making a final plea to King George to intercede and restore peace. It also put George Washington in command of the New England army surrounding Boston.

Back 79

The Second Continental Congress met in May 1775. The "Olive Branch Petition" was their attempt to get King George to come up with a peaceful solution to the conflict.

Front 80

In January 1776, Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet arguing for complete independence.

Back 80

Common Sense argued for complete independence, and is considered to have swayed thousands of Americans who had half-formed feelings about going to war with Britain. At around the same time, in March of 1776, Abigail Adams was pushing for the rights of women to not be forgotten. Though Abigail Adams did not disagree with women's limited role for the most part, she did believe that they deserved some rights. The most important rights that she wanted for women were the rights to education, as well as legal and political rights. In a letter to John Adams in 1776, she told him, "Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation."

Front 81

The Prohibitory Act by England was virtually a declaration of war on America, by declaring the colonies in rebellion.

Back 81

The Prohibitory Act was declared by England as they made preparation for all out war against the colonies.

Front 82

Early in the Revolutionary War, Fort Ticonderoga was captured by Ethan Allen and _______________.

Back 82

Benedict Arnold.