Cognitive Science Quiz 7

Front 1

A/~A task

Back 1

connectionist model that represents a, not a

Front 2

attractors

Back 2

a relatively stable state

Front 3

being-in-the-world

Back 3

to convey that people can perform tasks like hammering just by virtue of their physical skills, without any kinds of representation.

Front 4

Brooks

Back 4

this person advocated an approach to building robots that is very different from that of researchers in the logic and rule-based traditions

Front 5

chaos

Back 5

Property of a dynamic system that it is highly sensitive to small changes.

Front 6

Chinese room

Back 6

Instantiation of a formal program is not enough to produce semantic understanding or intentionality.

Front 7

computer science

Back 7

The notion of representation has been copied in cognitive science in terms of slots and fillers.

Front 8

conceptual integration

Back 8

Borrowing ideas from various sub-disciplines for understanding how the mind works as a whole.

Front 9

CRUMBS

Back 9

This acronym invites dismissal of the whole enterprise as offering only tiny morsels of understanding about the mind.

Front 10

culture

Back 10

The way of life of a society, including beliefs and behaviors

Front 11

distributed AI

Back 11

Problem solving that requires communication among more than one computer, each of which possesses some intelligence.

Front 12

distributed cognition

Back 12

Problem solving that requires communication among more than one thinker.

Front 13

dynamic systems

Back 13

Collection of interacting objects whose changes are describable by mathematical equations.

Front 14

Eliza

Back 14

computer therapist that mimics the therapeutic process but doesn’t follow the regular grammatical rules.

Front 15

emotional contagion

Back 15

people acquire the emotions of others just by witnessing and mimicking their physical expressions.

Front 16

evolutionary computing

Back 16

uses algorithms modeled in part on human genetics, is indeed a powerful means of developing new software, but it is currently limited by theneed for humans to provide a criterion of fitness that the genetic algorithms serve to maximize

Front 17

experimental integration

Back 17

involves subjecting ideas from linguistics, philosophy, computer science, and neuroscience.

Front 18

Gibson

Back 18

this person rejected the inferential view of perception and claimed that we learn about the world more directly, by having our perceptual apparatus so attuned to the world that information is directly conveyed to thebrain without requiring computations on representations.

Front 19

Heidegger

Back 19

This person rejected this representational view of the practice of hammering .He denied the division assumed in cognitive science between the representing subject and the world, and claimed that we function in the world simply because we are a part of it.

Front 20

intentionality

Back 20

Property of a representation or mental state that it is about some aspect of the world.

Front 21

internet

Back 21

links computers worldwide so that computers in different locations can share information.

Front 22

Kurzweil

Back 22

This person estimated that increases in computer speed will make human-level intelligence in machines possible within a few decades

Front 23

linear equation

Back 23

variables add to each other to find the solution.

Front 24

methodological individualism

Back 24

the view that since groups are just collections of individuals, there are is no need for explanations of group behavior to concern anything but individuals.

Front 25

Necker cube

Back 25

3D cube where, depending on which edge you focus on represents the foremost edge.

Front 26

non-linear equation

Back 26

variables multiply each rather than add to each other.

Front 27

phase transitions

Back 27

abrupt changes that are very hard to predict because they depend on minuscule changes in many variables.

Front 28

race of psychopaths

Back 28

incapable of caring about the fate of the biological beings whose intelligence they have surpassed.

Front 29

Searle

Back 29

this person claimed mental states are intended to represent the world: they possess intentionality, the property of being about something.

Front 30

situated action

Back 30

Action that results from being embedded in a physical or social world.

Front 31

texture gradient

Back 31

surfaces that are closer to the eye produce a retinal image with finer detail that produces immediate impression of depth.

Front 32

theoretical integration

Back 32

simulations that test human behavior against the behaviors of computer programs.

Front 33

time

Back 33

property of the world already built into values of the variables

Front 34

Turing

Back 34

this person suggested a test to see if a computer can think. Person had to determine if the responses are coming from a computer or a human.