Cognitive Science Quiz 6

Front 1

Alzheimer's Disease

Back 1

Damasio describes how disorders of extended consciousness are very different from disorders of core consciousness, such as comas caused by damage to the brain stem.

Front 2

Amygdala

Back 2

Almond-shaped part of the brain involved in emotions such as fear

Front 3

Anesthesia

Back 3

ablates consciousness because gas molecules act by quantum effects of van der Waals forces in hydrophobic pockets of select brain proteins.

Front 4

Arousal

Back 4

Corresponds to more extreme physiological changes

Front 5

biological complexity materialism

Back 5

from where consciousness emerges from not just from its computational functions.Because future robots will not duplicate the full biological complexity of humans, it may be that consciousness may never emerge from their sensory and representational activities.

Front 6

brain regions

Back 6

Brain scanning techniques such as PET and fMRI have provided a huge amount o finformation concerning how different brain regions contribute to various cognitive functions

Front 7

Broca's area

Back 7

Early recognition that a human cognitive function depends on a specific brain area came in the 1860s when Paul Broca attributed a patient’s inability to use language to a specific part of the brain’s frontal lobes now

Front 8

catastrophic interference

Back 8

a network is trained to perform one task, such as forming associations between words, and then trained to perform another similar task

Front 9

cognitive appraisal

Back 9

neurological assessments of your body’s reaction to that situation when showing how emotions involve judgments.

Front 10

consciousness

Back 10

a mental state involving attention, awareness and qualitative experience. Losing this suggests that the causes of this are biological, neural, electrical, and chemical.

Front 11

core consciousness

Back 11

are presentation of how processing an object affects your bodily state.

Front 12

Damasio

Back 12

studied lesions and brain scans. Has shown that brain regions are specialized for representing different kinds of concepts. refers to the signals that the body sends to the brain concerning physiological factors as somatic markers.

Front 13

dualist

Back 13

a person who sees the mind as separate from body, claim that consciousness is a property of spiritual minds and is not open to scientific explanation.

Front 14

EEG

Back 14

electroencephalograph; Recording of electrical activity in the brain. electrodes attached to the head detect electrical activity in different parts of the brain, and a history of this activity is transferred to a computer.

Front 15

epilepsy

Back 15

which is brought about by an abnormal electrical discharge of brain cells.

Front 16

extended consciousness

Back 16

a sense of self based on autobiograghical memory.

Front 17

fMRI

Back 17

functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. measures changes in bloodflow through the use of magnetic pulse. Sends pulses through the brain and tracks magnetic responses(blood).

Front 18

functionalist

Back 18

claim that consciousness is a property of the functioning of a sufficiently complex computational system, so that consciousness may turn out to be a property of advanced robots as well as human minds

Front 19

GAGE

Back 19

named in honor of a nineteenth-century railroad worker who suffered brain damage because of a pipe that penetrated his skull.

Front 20

hippocampus

Back 20

Brain region involved inthe acquisition of memories.

Front 21

integrating

Back 21

the brain integrates information from different brain regions. Ability to identify a friend in poor lighting and hear their voice

Front 22

James

Back 22

originated the view that emotions are largely a matter of physiological reactions

Front 23

learning

Back 23

can be a highly emotional experience: think of times when you have been bored stiff by a lecture, or when you have been excited and inspired by a dynamic teacher.

Front 24

lesion

Back 24

Abnormal change in an organ such as the brain. injuries to specific parts of the body.

Front 25

medulla

Back 25

damage to the area causes severe breathing problems

Front 26

nucleus accumbens

Back 26

a region strongly associated with rewards (itis also heavily associated with addiction to drugs and alcohol)

Front 27

Oatley

Back 27

described to show that basic human emotions are intimately connected with goal accomplishment

Front 28

occipital cortex

Back 28

deals with visual information flowing into the brain.

Front 29

parietal cortex

Back 29

deals with integrating sensory information from various parts of the body, knowledge of numbers and their relations, and in the manipulation of objects.

Front 30

PET

Back 30

positron emission tomography; Technique that uses radioactive isotopes to produces images of the chemical function of organs such as blood flow in the brain. (invasive)

Front 31

pleasantness

Back 31

correlate with bodily reactions

Front 32

prefrontal cortex

Back 32

Area of the brain at the front of the front of the cortex, responsible for the highest cognitive functions such as reasoning.

Front 33

scientific explanation

Back 33

identify the mechanisms that produce the observations we want to explain.

Front 34

somatic markers

Back 34

Brain signal corresponding to states of the body relevant to emotions.

Front 35

spike train

Back 35

pattern of firing or not firing over a given period time

Front 36

syncope

Back 36

defined medically as a brief unconsciousness due to a temporary, critical reduction of cerebral blood flow.

Front 37

ten sextillion

Back 37

best estimate of the number of unique brain states

Front 38

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Back 38

The bottom-middle part of the prefrontal cortex. provides links between areas of the cortex involved in judgments (the amygdala) and areas involved in emotions and memory (the hippocampus).

Front 39

zombie

Back 39

function just like us biologically but who lack conscious experience.