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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Perception |
The process by which we gather info from the outside world, by using our 5 senses, then interpreting that information.
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Pattern recognition, object recognition
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The ability to identify objects in the environment.
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Object constancy problem
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Objects seen by retina are rarely viewed the same way again so there must be a pattern recognition machine in the brain that is not affected by changes in the environment.
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Template matching theory
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an image generated by an object is matched to an internal representation of the object.
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Marr's theory of vision
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Object's parts are linked on the basis of shared properties and axies.
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Feature detection theory
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Object is a combination of different features which is broken down by the brain.
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Feature Integration theory
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1) Preattentive Stage - Object's basic features are identified by way of the image
2) Focused attention stage - Object is then recognized |
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Case study method
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examine brain damage and its effects in people that have come from a result of an accident.
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Lesion study method
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deliberate destruction of rain tissue or brain areas in animals and the examinations of the resulting behavioral deficits. A brain lesion is a wound in or injury to brain tissue.
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single-cell brain recording
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Very fine microelectrode is inserted into either a single neuron or the extracellular fluid adjacent to it. Changes in that cell's electrical conductivity or its rate of firing can then be measured.
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multi-cell brain recording
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Larger electrode is used to measure the collective electrical activity of a group of neurons.
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electroencephalogram (EEG)
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A recording of the brain's gross electrical action.
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Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)
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Yields an image of a single cross section of the brain.
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
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Measure blood flow in the brain while a participant is carrying out a cognitive task. Uses isotopes and attach to glucose or oxygen molecules.
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MRI and fMRI
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MRI: shows images of the structure of internal soft tissue.
fMRI: Used to reveal changes in brain activity over time. |
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Electrical Stimulation Technique
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Involves actual activation of a specific brain area via electrical stimulation.
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neuron
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the individual function units that perform computations. Purpose of a neuron is to conduct a message in the form of an electrical impulse.
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dendrites
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Messages are received by dendrites. They form a branching tree, which connects the neuron to other neurons.Any incoming messages picked up by the dendrite are then passed on to the cell body.
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axon
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Long, tubular structure that projects outward from a neuron cell body and server to transmit the action potential over distance.
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terminal button
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A bulb-like structure found at the end of the axon. It releases neurotransmitters.
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synaptic cleft
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The space in between neurons across which neurotransmitter molecules travel. Typically found between the terminal button of one cell and the dendrite of another.
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threshold of excitation
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The minimal change in a neuron’s normal resting electrical state that will initiate the creation of an electrical signal (action potential).
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action potential
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The electrical signal that results when the inputs to a neuron exceed its threshold of excitation.
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neurotransmitters
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Molecules released from the terminal button that travel across the synaptic cleft and attach to receptor sites of the surface of another cell.
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frontal lobe
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problem solving and language production
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temporal lobe
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Mediates auditory processing, pattern recognition, and language comprehension.
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parietal lobe
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Attention and spatial processing
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primary motor cortex
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Spatial representation or map of the body parts. Electrical stimulation of the primary motor cortex provokes muscular contraction to the corresponding body part.
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primary somatosensory cortex
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Electrical stimulation of any portion of the primary somatosensory cortex triggers the perception of a sensation coming from the corresponding part of the body. Processes sensory information arriving from the body surface.
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occipital lobe
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Visual information begins to undergo more extensive processing.
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