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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ch.1
The school of thought that focuses on answering the question of "What do people do and why do they do it?" is called
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A) Gestaltism
B) structuralism
C) psychoanalysis
D) functionalism
D |
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In cognition, like other sciences, we first develop _____ and then _____ them. |
A) tests; prove B) theories; test C) hypotheses; prove D) hypotheses; test
D |
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Modern psychology turned away from behaviorism in its classic form because: |
A)our behavior is routinely determined by our understanding of stimuli
B) humans are more similar to computers than to other species studied in the laboratory
C)psychology rejected behaviorism’s emphasis on an organism’s subjective states
D) an organism’s behavior can be changed by learning
A |
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Recent developments in brain-imaging technology can help us in cognitive psychology. For example, we can now tell exactly which parts of the brain are especially engaged in working-memory rehearsal. These techniques are the central sources of data for: |
A) modeling B) neuropsychology C) developmental imaging D) cognitive neuroscience
D |
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Pragmatism concerns itself most directly with the |
A) practicality of acquiring knowledge B) degree to which knowledge is empirical C) philosophical implications of knowledge D) usefulness of knowledge
D |
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The great change in cognitive psychology is referred to as a revolution because: |
A) the focus changed from behaviors to the processes underlying those behaviors B) the change was accompanied by violence C) the focus changed from animals to humans D) philosophers such as Kant were strongly opposed to the change
A |
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Skinner's argument included the idea of operant conditioning, which refers to his belief that |
A) the strengthening or weakening of behavior, depending upon the presence or absence of reinforcement or punishment, explains all human behavior
B) all human behavior can be explained by operant conditioning, involving the strengthening or weakening of behavior, depending only on the presence of punishment.
C) human behavior is highly unpredictable and, as a result, only some human behavior an can be explained in terms of reinforcement-punishment relationships.
D) human behavior cannot be understood without taking into account the purpose of the behavior.
A |
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An elderly woman has suffered a stroke in her left temporal lobe, and consequently can no longer name common nouns. This provides evidence that language is located in the left hemisphere for most people. What kind of evidence is this? |
A) introspection B) unique population C) neuroscience D) behavioral
C |
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The philosopher Immanuel Kant based many of his arguments on transcendental inferences. A commonplace example of such an inference is a: |
A) physicist inferring what the attributes of the electron must be on the basis of visible effects caused by the electron
B) computer scientist inferring what the attributes of a program must be on the basis of his or her long-range goals for the program’s functioning
C) biologist inferring how an organism is likely to behave in the future on the basis of assessment of past behaviors
D) behaviorist inferring how a behavior was learned on the basis of a deduction from well-established principles of learning
A |
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Behaviorists study organisms’: |
A) expectations B) desires and motivations C) dreams D) responses
D |
