Cognitive Psych Exam 1

Front 1

cognitive psychology

Back 1

the scientific study of mental processes

Front 2

What does cognitive psych include?

Back 2

- encoding info (sensation and perception)

- selecting information (attention)

- storing and retrieving information (memory)

- making decisions

- solving problems and reasoning

- mental imagery

- language

Front 3

How are we able to perceive the distances between objects and their 3-D shapes?

Back 3

1. Light is reflected off of objects

2. The light is focused by the eye's optics

3. A 2D image is formed on the surface of the retina

Front 4

Inverse projection problem

Back 4

an infinite number of 3D objects could produce the same 2D projection (think about the jumbled piano or trash and then their shadows)

Front 5

Depth Cues

Back 5

binocular disparity, interposition/partial occlusion, elevation, relative size, linear perspective, texture, atmospheric/aerial perspective, shading

Front 6

Binocular Vision

Back 6

images that are at the point of fixation will fall on corresponding locations on the two retinas

Front 7

Retinal Disparity

Back 7

images that fall beyond or in front a fixation will fall on non-corresponding locations on the two retinas.

Front 8

horopter

Back 8

a plane that includes the point of fixation and produces no retinal disparity;

Front 9

What happens when objects are on or near the horopter plane?

Back 9

objects falling on or near the horopter will be perceived as a single or fused image

Front 10

What happens when objects are NOT on or near the horpoter plane?

Back 10

objects that do not fall near the horopter will not be fused into a single image, and will be perceived as two separate images

Front 11

Interposition/Partial Occlusion

Back 11

information about the relative depth of objects (when you see confetti in front of a person, you can tell that the confetti is closer to you than the person because it hides the person behind it)

Front 12

Elevation (height in the visual field)

Back 12

information about the relative depth of objects (Even though a house and a girl can be the same size in the picture, a house in the back of the picture will tell you that its far away and larger than it appears)

Front 13

Relative Size

Back 13

Similar to elevation; when we see two students sitting in a hallway, we infer that the one farther down the hall is the same size as the first student, even though it's literally smaller in the picture

Front 14

size constancy

Back 14

as objects move (or we move relative to them), the shape of the images produced on our eyes can change dramatically. however, we see objects as maintaining the same shape)

Front 15

Linear Perspective

Back 15

the geometry of how 3D images are projected onto the eye (think about the lego chalk paintings)

Front 16

Texture

Back 16

textures become more dense the farther they are away (tiles on a floor appear to get smaller and small the farther back on the image they are)

Front 17

Atmospheric / Aerial Perspective

Back 17

particles and moisture in the air scatter light, and the more air the light passes through the more it is scattered (when you're driving through fog, you can see things close up but not far away)

Front 18

shading

Back 18

objects interact with light, and this gives us information about the 3D shape of objects

Front 19

V. S. Ramachandran

Back 19

known for work on :

-phantom limbs

-apparent motion

-shape from shading

Front 20

Phenomenological Approach

Back 20

relies on self-report of experience; common in early work on psychology; less common today

Front 21

Performance-Based Approach

Back 21

uses a person's performance in a task thought to involve the process(es) in question to make inferences about how the mind works; much more commonly used today; lends itself more readily to rigorous experimentation

Front 22

lecture 2 slide 47

Back 22

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