Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Schema Theory |
* Schemas are cognitive structures that organise knowledge stored in our memory.
* They are mental representations of categories (from our knowledge, beliefs and expectations) about particular aspects of the world such as people, objects, events, and situations. |
|
|
Bartlett's Study |
War of the ghosts: We have schemata of everything we experience -Cultural Differences -Told native american story called The War of The Ghosts -Story distorted according to culture upbringing |
|
|
Brewer & Treyens |
Effect of schemata on visual memory: -Room planned like office but w/ unrelated objects -Unexpected Recall Test -Likely to be recalled: typical office objects -incompatible obj were not likely to be recalled except skull: by 8 ppl. |
|
|
Encoding |
The process by which sensory information is translated so that it can be stored |
|
|
Duration |
How long info is stored |
|
|
Capacity |
How much info can be stored |
|
|
Sensory Memory (Multi-Store Model) |
-Lots of it decays -Everything from five senses and filters it -Encoding= Raw sensory impressions -Duration=split second -Capacity=very large and can take all sensory info |
|
|
Short-Term Memory (Multi-Store Model) |
-Stays in memory by repetition -Encoding=usually auditory -Duration=Under 30 seconds -Capacity= w/o repetition (Miller's magic number 7, 5-9 items) |
|
|
Long-Term Memory (Multi-Store Model) |
Duration: Forever Encoding: Semantic, we remember from meaning Capacity: Huge, unlimited |
|
|
HM |
-Can't form new LTM -Kept procedural memory -Did not keep episodic memory -Fell off bike but injured from surgery bc seizures |
|
|
Clive Wearing |
-Viral infection -memory lasted 7-30, can't form new -no transfer between STM to LTM -Had procedural knowledge -Episodic memory and some semantic memory lost |
|
|
Central Executive (Working Memory Model) |
-Central Control System -Problem solving, decision making -Attention, planning, and synthesizing info -Limited Storage Capacity |
|
|
Phonological Loop (Working Memory Model) |
-Limited Number of speech-based sounds -Two components --> Phonological Store: inner ear (stores acoustically encoded items briefly) Articulatory control process: inner voice (subvocal repetition, mentally repeated) |
|
|
Visuospatial Sketchpad (Working Memory Model) |
-Inner Eye -Manipulates mental image -Limited Capacity -Visual Tasks
|
|
|
Episodic Buffer (Working Memory Model) |
-Episodes -integrates material from LTM to meet demands of working memory
|
|
|
Cole and Scribner 1974 |
-Cognitive abilities are universal, but not cognitive skills -Schooled Kpelle children > normal Kpelle children -Americans better overall -western emphasize: clustering, categorizing -but Kpelle children easily recalled objects relevant to them |
|
|
Judith Kearins Study |
-Aborigines perform poorly in tests before Kearins study because previous tests are useless to them and aren't brought up for them (made for westerners) -Aborigine children are 3 years ahead of white aus in terms of their visual memory
|
|
|
Loftus & Palmer |
-Investigate how information provided to a witness can alter memory of an event -Two lab experiments conducted: IV = verb used DV = the estimate of speed or whether the participant saw glass Results = aggressive words gave a more harsh result (more glass, more impact) |
