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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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If you lose vision early in life and regain it as an adult, you will have difficulties perceiving
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a. Face and complex object recognition
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What imaging technique(s) is almost never used to study infants
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MRI
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3) Research has shown that when the amygdala is damaged, one fails to exhibit what type of learning? What emotion?
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Fear
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4) The somatic marker hypothesis states that reasoning and decision making are guided by
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a. The emotional evaluation of consequences
b. Decision making is influenced by emptional processes |
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5) What type of dementia is typically associated with dramatic changes in personality early in the disease?
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a. Fronto-temporal dementia (AKA Semantic Dementia)
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6) Merzenich showed that if you sew monkey’s fingers together:
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a. Surgical manipulation of fingers leads to decreased resolution of sensory map (experience can alter neural map)
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7) Why is Broca’s aphasia frequently seen in the context of dysexecutive syndrome?
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a. Damage to the arcuate fasiculus and/or other white matter connections?
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8) Individuals who have regained sight late in life consistently report normal perception of
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a. Object recognition, motion & color
b. Deficits in depth perception and face recognition |
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12) Wilder Penfield discovered
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a. Motor strip
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17) Acquired achromatopsia differs from common color blindness in that achromatopsia is associated with
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a. Inability to identify or discriminate colors. Neurological disorder vs. genetic abnormality in photoreceptor system
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19) A small lesion in the upper left quadrant of V1 would cause a scotoma in which visual field?
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a. Lower-right visual field deficits
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20) Visual signals going through the human superior colliculus
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a. Are responsible for visual attention and visual organization
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21) The role of the parietal cortex in attention is to:
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a. Selective attention – scan visual field for objects and location
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22) Korsakoff’s amnesia is caused by _________ deficiency, causing damage to the ____________.
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a. Thiamin, Diencephalon
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24) The primary auditory cortex is located in which part of the brain?
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Temporal lobe
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25) Where is Wernicke’s area?
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a. Superior Temporal gyrus
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27) Eleanor Maguire showed that London taxi drivers have experience-driven enlargement of what part of the brain?
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a. Posterior hippocampi (bilateral), reduced anterior hippocampi volumes
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28) Which of the following is not a characteristic of Kluver-Bucy syndrome after lesions restricted to the amygdala?
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Flattened affect
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29) Vision for action, and egocentric spatial coordinate systems, are typically associated with what brain region?
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a. Parietal lobe
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31) Whose theory states that it is the self-perception of bodily changes that produce an emotional experience?
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a. James-Lange Theory
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33) If deprived of language early in life, you will never develop normal language.
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true
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34) Preference paradigms exploit the fact that infants prefer to look at novel things OR very familiar things.
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True
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35) The Iowa gambling task uses a wood tower with rings.
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False
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36) The medulla controls autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, vomiting, and defecation.
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True
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37) The pons is involved in coordination of movement, balance, and posture.
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F - cerebellum
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38) Place cells were first discovered in the parietal lobe.
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False
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39) Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease are pathologies of the cerebellum.
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False - BG
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1. What is the purpose of having two eyes?
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a. Depth perception
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3. What is the LGN? What part of the brain is it in? What does this part of the brain generally do?
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a. Thalamic stop on the pathway from the retina to visual cortex. Relays vision to superior colliclus and V1, 90% of visual data goes this way (as opposed to superior colliculi) for visual perception and visual discrimination
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5. What happens when V1 is removed?
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a. Cortical blindness – no processing of visual input
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6. How are the visual fields represented topographically in the occipital lobe?
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a. V1 lies within the Calcarine fissure and has a retinotopic organization
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7. What is special about how the fovea is represented in V1?
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a. In V1 – more tissue devoted to fovea than other parts of visual field
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8. What types of stimuli do V1 cells respond to?
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a. high contrast edges, NOT color or 3D
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9. What are the main pathways projecting from V1? What functions do these streams have?
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a. Ventral - what (object/color processing)
b. Dorsal – where (spatial processing) |
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10. What evidence has accumulated to suggest that face perception is “special”? What is the alternative hypothesis and what evidence supports this side of the argument?
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a. Prosopagnosia shows possible functional independence
b. evidence of the fusiform face area c. face inversion effect suggests that faces may be processed holistically |
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11. What is prosopagnosia?
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Face blindness
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Simultanagnosia?
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c. Inability to perceive more than one object at a time (in fovea)
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12. Difference between top-down and bottom-up attention (behaviorally)
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a. Top-down – selectively attending (effortful)
b. Bottom-up – stimulus driven (automatic) |
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13. Habit learning and the basal ganglion
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a. BG involved in reward processing and stimulus-response learning
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18. Contrast retrograde to anterograde amnesia?
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a. Retrograde – loss of episodic memory prior to event; retrieval deficit
b. Anterograde – loss of episodic memory after an event; encoding/consolidate on deficit |
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20. What types of memory are persevered in amnesia?
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a. Procedural/striatal memory
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21. What MTL structure is important for linking affective information to an object or event?
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Amygdala
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22. What is the limbic system?
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a. Amygdala
b. OFC c. Basal Ganglia |
