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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Knowledge of a second language influences auditory word recognition in the native language |
Question: Does knowledge of one language interfere with knowledge of a second language? IV: Dutch-English bilingual vs. English monolinguals DV: selectivity of lexical access during lexical decision task Finding: Interlingual words were recognized slower than control words, regardless of the accent the words were spoken in |
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Lexical and grammatical skills in toddlers on the autism spectrum compared to late talking toddlers |
Questions: Are language patterns similar for toddlers on autism spectrum and late talking toddlers? Finding: both groups had similar semantic categorizations, grammatical complexity, and word combinations. Late talkers had relatively stronger lexical-grammatical association skills |
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MIT's language universal |
Key Person: Noam Chomsky - suggested a "universal grammar" MIT suggests that all languages self-organize so that close concepts stay close together in a sentence. EX) "John threw out the old trash sitting in the kitchen." vs "John threw the old trash sitting in the kitchen out." |
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Language detectives make the web less anonymous |
Forensic linguistics can help to determine authorship and profile |
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Steven Pinker's cultural highlights |
Famous for work in cognitive science and linguistics Argues that violence in human societies is on the wane |
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Does your language shape how you think? |
Various experiments have shown that grammatical genders can shape the feelings and associations of speakers toward objects around them
Language also influences space (how we describe the orientation of the world around us) |
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Washington Post accepts singular "they" |
Because saying "he or she" every time is awkward |
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#language: evolution in the digital age |
"#" is being used to emphasize or signal a comment |
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Whistled languages and their lack of left-brain dominance |
Whistled Turkish is processed equally by both sides of the brain |
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Mental rotation of 3D objects |
Time required to rotate images depends on how many degrees we need to rotate the image Rigid rotations take the same amount of time as depth rotations |
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Domain specificity of spatial experts: the case of video game players BY DR. SIMS! |
Tetris players were great at mentally rotating Tetris shapes (or similar ones), but were no better than non-Tetris players at other spatial ability tests Evidence for domain specificity (hence the title) |
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Dissociation between visual attention and visual mental imagery |
Question: Are imagery and attention distinct cognitive processes? Manipulation: Size of stimuli Finding: Participants performed the imagery task better when stimuli were large and performed the attention task better when stimuli were small. This finding demonstrates that imagery and attention are distinct cognitive processes. |
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Mental representations derived from navigation: The role of visuo-spatial abilities and working memory. |
Questions: How do our visuo-spatial skills influence our navigating abilities? Method: Women completed visuo-spatial and verbal (control) tasks; then learned 3 routes through the same virtual environment. Recall was assessed Finding: relationship between rotation ability and environmental learning accuracy is influenced by visuo-spacial working memory |
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Spatial abilities across the adult life span |
Age related effects on spacial ability Findings: Spacial visualization - non-linear effects perspective taking - non-linear effects mental rotation - linear effects spatial self-assessment - no/few age related effects |
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Hot hand phenomenon |
Hot hand can be reduced (but not eliminated) by giving people experience with genuinely independent random phenomena like coin tosses Method: played a foraging game on the computer; asked to predict hits and misses Manipulation: Some events shown as a coin toss; other events shown as a fruit, bird, etc. |
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Do people reason on the Wason selection task? |
Card choices on the Wason selection task are affected by analytic reasoning processes AND heuristic processes |
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20 cognitive biases |
Anchoring bias, Availability heuristic, Bandwagon effect, Blind-spot bias, Choice supportive bias, Clustering illusion, Confirmation bias, Conservatism bias, Information bias, Ostrich effect, Overconfidence |
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Brain Games |
Do they help reduce cognitive decline? Highly debated - some do not think that there is sufficient evidence while others do |
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Potential of the aging mind |
Different abilities peak at different ages: - working memory peaks in 20s - emotional intelligence and vocab improvements peak decades later In the absence of disease, older adults are generally capable of learning new things |
