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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Input attention
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moving sensory data to higher levels of processing
- similar to Broadbent theory |
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Attention is...
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- Data driven
- Fast - Automatic - Parallel |
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Parallel
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Multiple things happen simultaneously
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Reflexive orienting
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an innate response that we reflexively respond to.
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Controlled Attention
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Deliberate concentration of cognitive efforts.
- Uses resources |
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Bonnebakker, Bonke, Klein (1996)
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- P's undergoing surgery
- Patients demonstrate memory for words held under anestethia. - P's successfully able to complete word stem test |
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Implicit memory
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outside of consciousness
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Reflexive Orienting
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- Superior (visual) and Inferior (auditory) Coliculi
- Posterior Parietal cortex (Dorsal "where" stream) |
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Significance and Novelty (Lowan, 95)
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- Something unusual and new will drive a reflexive response
- Common and ordinary do not typically elicit a response - Termed Habituation |
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Habituation
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Learning not to respond to a stimulus.
- Stop responding to a stimulus |
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mental focus
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- like cognitive fovea
- The place where your mind is focusing |
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Preparation for encoding
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- to move from sensory areas to cognitive processes
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Posher, Snyder and Davidson's Fixation Cross
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- Stare at cross
- Monitored eye movements - P's pressed a key as fast as they could to indicate where the spot appeared. - Found that mental focus was responsible for correct response, not visual focus. IV - Cue validity DV - RT |
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Mental (not ocular) focus
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In the Fixation Cross study, the mind was ready to encode something, though sometimes they were slowed down.
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Treisman and Gelade Visual Search study
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Provide visual info and tell p's to find certain objects.
- Finding : Faster when used disjunctive conditions, slower when conjunctive conditions used. |
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Visual pop-out
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when doing an object search, the object tends to automatically pop out
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Single features (disjunctive conditions)
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What you're looking for is different from everything else on one level.
- Fast (Input) |
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Feature intersection (Conjunctive conditions)
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The intersection of two characteristics.
- Rxn time much slower (controlled) |
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Early Filter/ Switch Model (Broadbent, 1958)
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The selector occurs before meaning is attached to it.
- Allows some info to move through with other info left out. --- Basis of selection is physical characteristics: Selected processed, unselected lost. |
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Resource Allocation
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Suggest that all cognitive processes require fuel to get it to run.
- Only has a limited amount of these cognitive resources. |
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Attentional Blink
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- psychological refractory period
- The observation that when a person is asked to do a task after another task, the p has trouble focusing and takes longer to do it. |
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Automaticity (Posner and Snyder, 1975)
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Storage of memory is:
- Unintentional - Unconscious - Resource independent |
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Unintentional
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happens without will to happen
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unconscious
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Not aware that these processes occur
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Resource independent
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Will not use up the limited set of cognitive resources
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Stroop Effect (1935)
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Showed p's string of letters, often words.
- Words appeared in different colors. - P's asked to name the colors of the text. - Found that activation of meaning of the words occurs without intention and consciousness. - Did not demonstrate resource-independence |
