Cognition Ex. 3 Chapter 10

Front 1

What is an online comprehension task?

Back 1

a task that measures comprehension as it happens

Front 2

Explain Jarvella's research.

Back 2

Jarvella said that if language is a word by word process then it would be just a list of words and we would remember language as a serial position curve, the beginning and the end. But we don't, what we remember depends on sentence structure.

Front 3

ambiguous

Back 3

having more than one meaning

Front 4

explain why conceptual knowledge is important for understanding ambiguous sentences.

Back 4

When sentences may have more than one meaning we use our conceptual on general knowledge to distinguish what the sentence means. By looking at context or knowing that the other sentence might not make sense, etc.

Front 5

What are the 5 parts of Gernsbacher's theory?

Back 5

-LAYING a foundation, MAPPING info, SHIFTING to new structures
-ENHANCEMENT and SUPPRESSION

Front 6

What is laying a foundation?

Back 6

-Something or someone
-The topic that the sentence is based on
-usually the beginning of the sentence

Front 7

What is mapping information?

Back 7

Map or store congruent information into the current structure
– Mapping: adding additional words and concepts to the initial sentence structure
• Information that is given
• But also information that is inferred, conceptual knowledge that becomes activated

Front 8

What is shifting to new structures?

Back 8

– Initiate a new structure to represent a new or different idea

Front 9

What is enhancement?

Back 9

memory nodes that are related to
the currently incoming information are boosted or enhanced in their level of activation (same as spreading activation)
EX: midterm exam study.. all related so enhanced

Front 10

What is suppression?

Back 10

memory nodes that become unrelated
to the currently incoming information are suppressed and decrease their level of activation
-DECAY!

Front 11

What is the advantage of first mention?

Back 11

characters and ideas
that were mentioned in the very first sentence, at
the beginning of the entire episode, retain a
special significance
– Especially true for characters that were given by name,
instead of by an unnamed description
– Nicely explained by the “Laying a foundation” step

Front 12

What is the advantage of clause recency?

Back 12

A short-lived advantage for the most recently named character

– Probably because this is still in working memory, undergoing the “shifting to new structures” step

Front 13

reference

Back 13

finding connections between
elements in a sentence or passage of text
– The linguistic process of alluding to a concept by using another name
EX: Tak is gone, HE went to the store

Front 14

implication

Back 14

an intended reference in a
sentence that is not mentioned explicitly
– I take the kids out to go fishing. And then, of course, we grill them

Front 15

inference

Back 15

the process by which the listener or reader
– draws connections between concepts
– determines the referents of words and ideas,
– and derives conclusions from a message

Front 16

Direct theory

Back 16

what the conversational partner knows and is interested in, what the partner is like

Front 17

second order theory

Back 17

an evaluation of the other person's direct theory. what you think the other person believes about you